{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T07:30:52Z","timestamp":1769326252675,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences\u2014FFWS, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague","award":["43140\/1312\/3189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["43140\/1312\/3189"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study utilized a remotely sensed dataset with a high spatial resolution of 3 m to predict species diversity in the Bobiri Forest Reserve (BFR), a moist semi-deciduous tropical forest in Ghana. We conducted a field campaign of tree species measurements to achieve this objective for species diversity estimation. Thirty-five field plots of 50 m \u00d7 20 m were established, and the most dominant tree species within the forest were identified. Other measurements, such as diameter at breast height (DBH \u2265 5 cm), tree height, and each plot\u2019s GPS coordinates, were recorded. The following species diversity indices were estimated from the field measurements: Shannon\u2013Wiener (H\u2032), Simpson diversity index (D2), species richness (S), and species evenness (J\u2032). The PlanetScope surface reflectance data at 3 m spatial resolution was acquired and preprocessed for species diversity prediction. The spectral\/pixel information of all bands, except the coastal band, was extracted for further processing. Vegetation indices (VIs) (NDVI\u2014normalized difference vegetation index, EVI\u2014enhanced vegetation index, SRI\u2014simple ratio index, SAVI\u2014soil adjusted vegetation index, and NDRE\u2014normalized difference red edge index) were also calculated from the spectral bands and their pixel value extracted. A correlation analysis was then performed between the spectral bands and VIs with the species diversity index. The results showed that spectral bands 6 (red) and 2 (blue) significantly correlated with the two main species diversity indices (S and H\u2032) due to their influence on vegetation properties, such as canopy biomass and leaf chlorophyll content. Furthermore, we conducted a stepwise regression analysis to investigate the most important spectral bands to consider when estimating species diversity from the PlanetScope satellite data. Like the correlation results, bands 6 (red) and 2 (blue) were the most important bands to be considered for predicting species diversity. The model equations from the stepwise regression were used to predict tree species diversity. Overall, the study\u2019s findings emphasize the relevance of remotely sensed data in assessing the ecological condition of protected areas, a tool for decision-making in biodiversity conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16030463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T06:54:12Z","timestamp":1706165652000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing Forest Species Diversity in Ghana\u2019s Tropical Forest Using PlanetScope Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisha","family":"Njomaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-997X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Nana","family":"Ofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Research\/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"}]},{"given":"Reginald Tang","family":"Guuroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity Research\/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469 Potsdam, Germany"},{"name":"CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi P.O. Box UP 63, Ghana"}]},{"given":"Ben Emunah","family":"Aikins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG 13, Ghana"}]},{"given":"Raymond Kwame","family":"Nagbija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Geoinformation Science & Earth Observation, Department of Natural Resource Management, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6637-8661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Surov\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2328","article-title":"Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species","volume":"4","author":"Gamfeldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. 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