{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T07:20:51Z","timestamp":1768807251455,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CMA Innovative and Development Program","award":["CXFZ2023J035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXFZ2023J035"]}]},{"name":"CMA Innovative and Development Program","award":["NSF 9188-1524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 9188-1524"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["CXFZ2023J035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXFZ2023J035"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["NSF 9188-1524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF 9188-1524"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, multi-source observation, such as aircraft, ground-based remote sensing, and satellite-retrieved data, has been utilized to compare and analyze the vertical characteristics of aerosol optical properties and the planetary boundary layer height (HPBL) over the North China Plain (NCP) region during May\u2013June 2016. Aircraft observations show the vertical profiles of aerosol absorption coefficients (\u03c3abs), scattering coefficients (\u03c3sca), and extinction coefficients (\u03c3ext) gradually decrease with altitude, with their maximum values near HPBL. The vertical profiles of \u03c3ext depended most on the vertical distribution of measured \u03c3sca, indicating a significant contribution of scattering aerosols. In addition, the prominent characteristic of the inverse relationship between \u03c3ext and moisture profile could serve as a reference for predicting air quality in the NCP region. The lower layer pollution during the field experiment was likely caused by the accumulation of fine-mode aerosols, characterized by the vertical distribution of the \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) products. Typically, HPBL derived from aircraft and surface Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) was approximate, while the predicted HPBL by meteorological data indicates an underestimation of ~192 m. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) calculated from aircraft and ground-based remote sensing (such as MPL and AERONET) experienced a strong correlation, and both of them exhibited a similar tendency. However, the AOD retrieved from satellites was significantly larger than that from aircraft and ground-based remote sensing. Overall, the inversion algorithm, cloud identification algorithm, representativeness of the space, and time of the observation may lead to an overestimation or underestimation of AOD under certain circumstances. This study may serve as a re-evaluation of AOD retrieved from multi-source observations and provide a reference to uncover the actual atmospheric environment in the NCP regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16040609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T05:36:43Z","timestamp":1707197803000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Aerosol Vertical Characteristics over the North China Plain Based on Multi-Source Observation Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), CMA Weather Modification Centre (WMC), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6737-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Meteorological Centre, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-1666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinrong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"},{"name":"Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6823-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMA Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification (CPML), CMA Weather Modification Centre (WMC), Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China"}]},{"given":"Yele","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"given":"Russell R.","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Streets, D.G., He, K., Wang, Y., Richter, A., Burrows, J.P., Uno, I., Jang, C.J., Chen, D., and Yao, Z. 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