{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:58:40Z","timestamp":1773723520230,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"]}]},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"]}]},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"]}]},{"name":"the Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"]}]},{"name":"the Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"]}]},{"name":"the Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"the Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"]}]},{"name":"the Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"]}]},{"name":"the Vicerrectorado de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia (UPV)","award":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz (UCA)","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz (UCA)","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz (UCA)","award":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz (UCA)","award":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de C\u00e1diz (UCA)","award":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"]}]},{"name":"the EU\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"]}]},{"name":"the EU\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"the EU\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"]}]},{"name":"the EU\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"]}]},{"name":"the EU\u2014NextGenerationEU","award":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-111435RB-I0"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109143RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAID-06-22 (CCR)"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-2023-032 (JM)"]}]},{"name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)","award":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-21-CE01-0015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accuracy and robustness of the shoreline definition from satellite imagery on different coastal types are crucial to adequately characterising beach morphology and dynamics. However, the generic and widespread application of satellite-derived shoreline algorithms is limited by the lack of robust methods and parameter assessments. This work constitutes a quantitative and comprehensive assessment of the satellite-derived waterlines from Sentinel-2 by using the novel SAET tool (Shoreline Analysis and Extraction Tool) on the exposed and mesotidal beach of La Victoria (C\u00e1diz, SW Spain). The diverse parameters available in SAET, such as water indexes, thresholding methods, morphological filters, and kernel sizes, were combined to define water\/land interface positions that were compared against coincident video-derived waterlines. Satellite-derived waterline errors are found to be affected by extraction parameters, as well as by the oceanographic and morphological conditions at the time of the image acquisition. The application of a morphological erosion filter on the water mask, which tends to shift the extracted waterline seawards and reduce bias, is the best solution at the dissipative site of La Victoria Beach. Moreover, using a 3 \u00d7 3 kernel size consistently shows higher accuracies than a larger kernel. Although there was no parameter combination showing the best skill for all dates, the employment of the Automated Water Extraction Index for images with no shadows (AWEInsh) with a threshold = 0, erosion morphological filter, and 3 \u00d7 3 kernel was, overall, the best combination of extraction parameters for this beach (average waterline RMSE of 5.96 m). The combination of the Modified Normalised Difference Water Index (MDNWI) with the Otsu thresholding also led to similar positions of the resulting waterlines and offered good accuracies. In line with other recent research efforts, our work stresses the lack of generic shoreline extraction solutions that can be applied automatically at a global level and the necessity to adapt and validate the extraction methodologies to the different types of coastlines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16040617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T03:47:09Z","timestamp":1707277629000},"page":"617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing Satellite-Derived Shoreline Detection on a Mesotidal Dissipative Beach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0596-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cabezas-Rabad\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group (CGAT-UPV), Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Almonacid-Caballer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group (CGAT-UPV), Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Benavente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, INMAR (Marine Research Institute), University of C\u00e1diz, 11003 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1740-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Castelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Del R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, INMAR (Marine Research Institute), University of C\u00e1diz, 11003 Puerto Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences, INMAR (Marine Research Institute), University of C\u00e1diz, 11003 Puerto Real, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5438-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Palomar-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group (CGAT-UPV), Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0471-9795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep E.","family":"Pardo-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group (CGAT-UPV), Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.2112\/03-0071.1","article-title":"Shoreline Definition and Detection: A Review","volume":"214","author":"Boak","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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