{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:02:12Z","timestamp":1784840532829,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC3101602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC3101602"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC3104203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104203"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42006160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006160"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["42376002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42376002"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFC3101602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC3101602"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFC3104203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3104203"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42006160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42006160"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42376002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42376002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate and consistent observations of diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST DV) and its impact on air\u2013sea heat fluxes over large areas for extended periods are challenging due to their short time scale and wide coverage. The hourly gap-free SSTs generated from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency-Japan Agency for Marine\u2013Earth Science and Technology (JAXA-JAMSTEC) are input to the COARE3.5 bulk flux algorithm to investigate the impact of SST DV on air\u2013sea heat fluxes over the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO). The main results are as follows. (1) The JAXA-JAMSTEC SSTs were found to be in good agreement with the buoy observations on SST DV with a very slight negative bias of \u22120.007 \u00b0C and a root mean square error of 0.018 \u00b0C. (2) The case study conducted on 26 June 2020 showed that the fluxes\u2019 diurnal amplitudes were about 30\u201350 W\u00a0m\u22122, and evolution was in agreement with SST DV. (3) The average impact of SST DV on heat fluxes was 2.93 W\u00a0m\u22122 over the subtropical NWPO, decreasing from southeast to northwest and from low to high latitudes, and showing a clear seasonal cycle during 2019\u20132022. This research highlights the need to consider SST DV for accurate estimation of heat fluxes, which is crucial for climate and atmospheric studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16040628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T03:36:17Z","timestamp":1707363377000},"page":"628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Impact of Diurnal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature on Air\u2013Sea Heat Flux Estimation over the Northwest Pacific Ocean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qianguang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5022-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zengzhou","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bangyi","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunwei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"},{"name":"Observation and Research Station of Air-Sea Interface, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2019.00430","article-title":"Air-Sea Fluxes with a Focus on Heat and Momentum","volume":"6","author":"Cronin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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