{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:48:37Z","timestamp":1760143717352,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42276183","42275141","62031005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42276183","42275141","62031005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ocean salinity is a pivotal aspect of the ocean dynamic environment. Spaceborne L-band radiometers, like SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP, offer a comprehensive approach to mapping out large-scale ocean salinity patterns. As China prepares for the launch of the Chinese Ocean Salinity and Soil Moisture Mission (COSM), it is essential to delve into the intricacies of radio frequency interference (RFI) detection, localization, and mitigation. The L-band, in particular, is highly susceptible to RFI. COSM will carry not one but two advanced instruments: a 2-D L-band aperture synthesis microwave radiometer (LASMR) and a 1-D L-C-K band microwave imager combined active and passive (MICAP). This article delves into the current state of RFI research, particularly in recent years, and introduces a fusion method that integrates MICAP and LASMR for more accurate RFI detection, localization, and mitigation. This fusion method relies on an algorithm that constructs localization and intensity objective functions based on the principle of least squares. By optimizing these functions, we can pinpoint the precise location and intensity of RFI. The resulting minimum mitigation residual offers a blueprint for achieving optimal RFI detection, localization, and mitigation. The experimental results, achieved in a controlled anechoic chamber, confirm that this fusion method\u2014when weighted by variance\u2014boosts detection accuracy, refines localization precision, and minimizes residual mitigation errors compared with standalone MICAP or LASMR techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16040667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T04:18:22Z","timestamp":1707884302000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fusion Method of RFI Detection, Localization, and Suppression by Combining One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology on Multi-Spectral Information Processing Laboratory, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Qingjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1679","article-title":"Development and Prospect of Satellite Remote Sensing Technology for Ocean Dynamic Environment","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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