{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T17:24:33Z","timestamp":1771953873143,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["MESTA-2021-A004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MESTA-2021-A004"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["MRESD-2023-B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRESD-2023-B02"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["2023A1515011262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011262"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["42106033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106033"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["42176172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176172"]}]},{"name":"Open Funds for Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources","award":["41876086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876086"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development","award":["MESTA-2021-A004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MESTA-2021-A004"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development","award":["MRESD-2023-B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRESD-2023-B02"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development","award":["2023A1515011262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011262"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development","award":["42106033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106033"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development","award":["42176172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176172"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development","award":["41876086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876086"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["MESTA-2021-A004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MESTA-2021-A004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["MRESD-2023-B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRESD-2023-B02"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["2023A1515011262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011262"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["42106033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106033"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["42176172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176172"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","award":["41876086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876086"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["MESTA-2021-A004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MESTA-2021-A004"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["MRESD-2023-B02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRESD-2023-B02"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023A1515011262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515011262"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42106033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42106033"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42176172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42176172"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41876086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41876086"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The processes of ocean dynamics are complex near the Pearl River Estuary and are not clear due to a lack of abundant observations. The spatial characteristics of the spring sea surface currents in the adjacent waters of the Pearl River Estuary were analyzed using the current data observed by a three-station high-frequency surface wave radar system (HFSWRS). Compared with the two-station HFSWRS, the deviation of current velocity and direction observed by the three-station HFSWRS from the underway measurements decreased by 42.86% and 38.30%, respectively. The analyzed results show that the M2 tidal current is the dominant current among all the tidal constituents, followed by K1, with angles of inclination ranging from 130\u00b0 to 150\u00b0. The tidal flow is dominated by northwest\u2013southeast back-and-forth flow. In the southern part of the observed area, which is far from the coastline, the tidal current ellipses exhibit a circular pattern. The prevalent tidal current type in this region is irregularly semi-diurnal, and the shallow water constituents also have a significant effect. The tidal energy in the adjacent waters of the Pearl River Estuary is affected by potential energy flux and kinetic energy flux. As the water depth and currents velocity increase in the southeast direction, the tidal energy flux increases. In the nearshore zone, the direction of tidal energy flux varies along the coastline. The changes in the residual current within the observed area are correlated with the sea surface wind field. Based on the high-precision sea surface current observed by the three-station HFSWRS, the characteristics of the ocean dynamic processes near the Pearl River Estuary are analyzed comprehensively, which provides important reference and confidence for the application of the developing new radar observing network with about 10 radar stations near the Pearl River Estuary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16040672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1707893966000},"page":"672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of Spring Sea Surface Currents near the Pearl River Estuary Observed by a Three-Station High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources, College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Beihai 536015, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen 518057, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The 92020 Unit of the People\u2019s Liberation Army, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Daosheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Geological Resources, College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Beihai 536015, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen 518057, China"},{"name":"Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10236-016-0929-z","article-title":"Wind influence on surface current variability in the Ibiza Channel from HF Radar","volume":"66","author":"Lana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ocean Dyn."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Yin, W., Guo, Z., and Xuan, J. 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