{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T07:10:15Z","timestamp":1768547415299,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,25]],"date-time":"2024-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["12174314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12174314"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CX2023064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2023064"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University","award":["12174314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12174314"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University","award":["CX2023064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2023064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the change detection (CD) task, the substantial variation in feature distributions across different CD datasets significantly limits the reusability of supervised CD models. To alleviate this problem, we propose an illumination\u2013reflection decoupled change detection multi-scale unsupervised domain adaptation model, referred to as IRD-CD-UDA. IRD-CD-UDA maintains its performance on the original dataset (source domain) and improves its performance on unlabeled datasets (target domain) through a novel CD-UDA structure and methodology. IRD-CD-UDA synergizes mid-level global feature marginal distribution domain alignment, classifier layer feature conditional distribution domain alignment, and an easy-to-hard sample selection strategy to increase the generalization performance of CD models on cross-domain datasets. Extensive experiments conducted on the LEVIR, SYSU, and GZ optical remote sensing image datasets demonstrate that the IRD-CD-UDA model effectively mitigates feature distribution discrepancies between source and target CD data, thereby achieving optimal recognition performance on unlabeled target domain datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T10:40:17Z","timestamp":1708944017000},"page":"799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multiscale Change Detection Domain Adaptation Model Based on Illumination\u2013Reflection Decoupling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3284-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongbo","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Center for Geology and Intelligent Remote Sensing Application, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8765-8662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Center for Geology and Intelligent Remote Sensing Application, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}]},{"given":"Zenglin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Center for Geology and Intelligent Remote Sensing Application, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Association for Science and Technology Service Center for Societies, Beijing 100038, China"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, R., Chen, S., and Zhan, Z. 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