{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T21:04:39Z","timestamp":1781298279676,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human activities and natural phenomena continually transform the Earth\u2019s surface, presenting ongoing challenges to the environment. Therefore, the accurate and timely monitoring and prediction of these alterations are essential for devising effective solutions and mitigating environmental impacts in advance. This study introduces a novel framework, called HCD-Net, for detecting changes using bi-temporal hyperspectral images. HCD-Net is built upon a dual-stream deep feature extraction process, complemented by an attention mechanism. The first stream employs 3D convolution layers and 3D Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) blocks to extract deep features, while the second stream utilizes 2D convolution and 2D SE blocks for the same purpose. The deep features from both streams are then concatenated and processed through dense layers for decision-making. The performance of HCD-Net is evaluated against existing state-of-the-art change detection methods. For this purpose, the bi-temporal Airborne Visible\/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral dataset was utilized to assess the change detection performance. The findings indicate that HCD-Net achieves superior accuracy and the lowest false alarm rate among the compared methods, with an overall classification accuracy exceeding 96%, and a kappa coefficient greater than 0.9.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:56:02Z","timestamp":1709106962000},"page":"827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Hyperspectral Change Detection (HCD-Net) Framework Based on Double Stream Convolutional Neural Networks and an Attention Module"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyd Teymoor","family":"Seydi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8344-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Boueshagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foad","family":"Namjoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad","family":"Minouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0149-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahir","family":"Nikraftar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9495-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meisam","family":"Amani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WSP Canada Limited, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5653","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.2968098","article-title":"Unsupervised scale-driven change detection with deep spatial\u2013spectral features for VHR images","volume":"58","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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