{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T10:58:29Z","timestamp":1778237909098,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea","award":["R2024059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2024059"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00256330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00256330"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past two decades, the environmental characteristics of the northern East China Sea (NECS) that make it a crucial spawning ground for commercially significant species have faced substantial impacts due to climate change. Protein (PRT) within phytoplankton, serving as a nitrogen-rich food for organisms of higher trophic levels, is a sensitive indicator to environmental shifts. This study aims to develop a regional PRT algorithm to characterize spatial and temporal variations in the NECS from 2012 to 2022. Employing switching chlorophyll-a and particulate organic nitrogen algorithms, the developed regional PRT algorithm demonstrates enhanced accuracy. Satellite-estimated PRT concentrations, utilizing data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), generally align with the 1:1 line when compared to in situ data. Seasonal patterns and spatial distributions of PRT in both the western and eastern parts of the NECS from 2012 to 2022 were discerned, revealing notable differences in the spatial distribution and major controlling factors between these two areas. In conclusion, the regional PRT algorithm significantly improves estimation precision, advancing our understanding of PRT dynamics in the NECS concerning PRT concentration and environmental changes. This research underscores the importance of tailored algorithms in elucidating the intricate relationships between environmental variables and PRT variations in the NECS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T07:56:02Z","timestamp":1709106962000},"page":"829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatiotemporal Protein Variations Based on VIIRS-Derived Regional Protein Algorithm in the Northern East China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Myeongseop","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dabin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sustainable Earth and Environmental Dynamics (SEED), Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Keun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-8116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3671-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7058-924X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaesoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok-Hyun","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huitae","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seunghyun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOAA\/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD 20740, USA"},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-0690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Heon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756180","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.756180","article-title":"High-resolution vertical observations of phytoplankton groups derived from an in-situ fluorometer in the East China Sea and Tsushima Strait","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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