{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:50:41Z","timestamp":1760143841080,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research","award":["2019QZKK0104","2019QZKK0604","E091021801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0104","2019QZKK0604","E091021801"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019QZKK0104","2019QZKK0604","E091021801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0104","2019QZKK0604","E091021801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lightning stroke strength, characterized by energy and peak currents, over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), is investigated by utilizing datasets from the World Wide Lightning Location Network and the Chinese Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Location System during 2016\u20132019. Focused on the south-central (SC) and southeast (SE) of the TP, it reveals that SE-TP experiences strokes with larger average energy and peak currents. Strong strokes (energy \u2265 100 kJ or peak currents \u2265 |100| kA), exhibiting bimodal distribution in winter and summer, are more frequent and have larger average values over the SE-TP than the SC-TP, with diurnal distribution indicating peaks in energy and positive strokes in the middle of the night and negative strokes peaking in the morning. Utilizing the ECMWF\/ERA-5 and MERRA-2 reanalysis, we find that stronger strokes correlate with thinner charge zone depths and larger CIWCFs but stable warm cloud depths and zero-degree levels over the SC-TP. Over the SE-TP, stronger strokes are associated with smaller CIWCFs and show turning points for warm cloud depths and zero-degree levels. Thicker charge zone depths correlate with stronger negative strokes but weaker positive strokes. Generating strokes of similar strength over the SC-TP requires larger CIWCFs, thinner warm cloud depths, and lower zero-degree levels than over the SE-TP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T07:36:21Z","timestamp":1709278581000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lightning Stroke Strength and Its Correlation with Cloud Macro- and Microphysics over the Tibetan Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0521-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7418-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation (LAGEO), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Magono, C. 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