{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:51:30Z","timestamp":1760143890566,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2021-127060OB-I00","PID2020-113051RB-C31","CTM2017-84441-R","CTM2014-52021-R","BP17-151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-127060OB-I00","PID2020-113051RB-C31","CTM2017-84441-R","CTM2014-52021-R","BP17-151"]}]},{"name":"Ph.D. Grant: \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d from the Government of the Principality of Asturias","award":["PID2021-127060OB-I00","PID2020-113051RB-C31","CTM2017-84441-R","CTM2014-52021-R","BP17-151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-127060OB-I00","PID2020-113051RB-C31","CTM2017-84441-R","CTM2014-52021-R","BP17-151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this work is to provide a full description of how air temperature and solar radiation induce changes in the land cover over an Antarctic site. We use shortwave broadband albedo (albedo integrated in the range 300\u20133000 nm) from a spaceborne sensor and from field surveys to calculate the monthly relative abundance of landscape units. Field albedo data were collected in January 2019 using a portable albedometer over seven landscape units: clean fresh snow; clean old snow; rugged landscape composed of dirty snow with disperse pyroclasts and rocky outcrops; dirty snow; stripes of bare soil and snow; shallow snow with small bare soil patches; and bare soil. The MODIS MCD43A3 daily albedo products were downloaded using the Google Earth Engine API from the 2000\u20132001 season to the 2020\u20132021 season. Each landscape unit was characterized by an albedo normal distribution. The monthly relative abundances of the landscape units were calculated by fitting a linear combination of the normal distributions to a histogram of the MODIS monthly mean albedo. The monthly relative abundance of the landscape unit consisting of rugged landscape composed of dirty snow with dispersed clasts and small rocky outcrops exhibits a high positive linear correlation with the monthly mean albedo (R2 = 0.87) and a high negative linear correlation with the monthly mean air temperature (R2 = 0.69). The increase in the solar radiation energy flux from September to December coincides with the decrease in the relative abundance of the landscape unit composed of dirty snow with dispersed clasts and small rocky outcrops. We propose a mechanism to describe the evolution of the landscape: uncovered pyroclasts act as melting centers favoring the melting of surrounding snow. Ash does not play a decisive role in the melting of the snow. The results also explain the observed decrease in the thaw depth of the permafrost on the island in the period 2006\u20132014, resulting from an increase in the snow cover over the whole island.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T08:35:54Z","timestamp":1709627754000},"page":"915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Land Cover over Deception Island, Antarctica, Its Driving Mechanisms, and Its Impact on the Shortwave Albedo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0536-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier F.","family":"Calleja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0323-6102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Mu\u00f1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las TIC, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5147-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Matem\u00e1tica Aplicada a las TIC, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Corbea-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica y de Sistemas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8299-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carleen","family":"Reijmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4496-2741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"de Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Geograf\u00eda y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, 28805 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8267-0371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geolog\u00eda, Universidad de Oviedo, 33005 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6406","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-12-00640.1","article-title":"The Antarctic Atmospheric Energy Budget. 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