{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:14:50Z","timestamp":1773933290942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council","award":["ALLRP 566735-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALLRP 566735-21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the face of global ocean warming, monitoring essential climate variables from space is necessary for understanding regional trends in ocean dynamics and their subsequent impacts on ecosystem health. Analysis Ready Data (ARD), being preprocessed satellite-derived products such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), allow for easy synoptic analysis of temperature conditions given the consideration of regional biases within a dynamic range. This is especially true for SST retrieval in thermally complex coastal zones. In this study, we assessed the accuracy of 30 m resolution Landsat ARD Surface Temperature products to measure nearshore SST, derived from Landsat 8 TIRS, Landsat 7 ETM+, and Landsat 5 TM thermal bands over a 37-year period (1984\u20132021). We used in situ lighthouse and buoy matchup data provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). Excellent agreement (R2 of 0.94) was found between Landsat and spring\/summer in situ SST at the farshore buoy site (&gt;10 km from the coast), with a Landsat mean bias (root mean square error) of 0.12 \u00b0C (0.95 \u00b0C) and a general pattern of SST underestimation by Landsat 5 of \u22120.28 \u00b0C (0.96 \u00b0C) and overestimation by Landsat 8 of 0.65 \u00b0C (0.98 \u00b0C). Spring\/summer nearshore matchups revealed the best Landsat mean bias (root mean square error) of \u22120.57 \u00b0C (1.75 \u00b0C) at 90\u2013180 m from the coast for ocean temperatures between 5 \u00b0C and 25 \u00b0C. Overall, the nearshore image sampling distance recommended in this manuscript seeks to capture true SST as close as possible to the coastal margin\u2014and the critical habitats of interest\u2014while minimizing the impacts of pixel mixing and adjacent land emissivity on satellite-derived SST.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T05:48:01Z","timestamp":1709704081000},"page":"920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Validating Landsat Analysis Ready Data for Nearshore Sea Surface Temperature Monitoring in the Northeast Pacific"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Alena","family":"Wachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Starko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bamfield Marine Science Center, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada"},{"name":"Oceans Institute & School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Neufeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bamfield Marine Science Center, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Maycira","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-11-00254.1","article-title":"The ESA climate change initiative: Satellite data records for essential climate variables","volume":"94","author":"Hollmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. 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