{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:53:02Z","timestamp":1760143982410,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42322408","42188101","42074202","XDA15350201","XDA15014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42322408","42188101","42074202","XDA15350201","XDA15014800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science, CAS","award":["42322408","42188101","42074202","XDA15350201","XDA15014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42322408","42188101","42074202","XDA15350201","XDA15014800"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Imaging has been an important strategy for exploring space weather. The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE) is a joint Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and European Space Agency (ESA) mission, aiming at studying the interaction between Earth\u2019s magnetosphere and solar wind near the subsolar point via soft X-ray imaging. As the boundary of Earth\u2019s magnetosphere, magnetopause is a significant detection target to mirror solar wind\u2019s change for the SMILE mission. In preparation for inverting three-dimensional magnetopause, we proposed an OESA-UNet model to detect the magnetopause position. The model obtains magnetopause with a U-shaped structure, in an end-to-end manner. Inspired by attention mechanisms, these blocks are integrated into ours. OESA-UNet captures low and high-level feature maps by adjusting the receptive field for precise localization. Adaptively pre-processing the image provides a prior for the network. Availability metrics are designed to determine whether it can serve three-dimensional inversion. Lastly, we provided ablation and comparison experiments by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Our recall, precision, and f1 score are 93.8%, 92.1%, and 92.9%, respectively, with an average angle deviation of 0.005 under the availability metrics. Results indicate that OESA-UNet outperforms other methods. It can better serve the purpose of magnetopause tracing from an X-ray image.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16060994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1710245836000},"page":"994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["OESA-UNet: An Adaptive and Attentional Network for Detecting Diverse Magnetopause under the Limited Field of View"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2836-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Rongcong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-8645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Tianran","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1029\/96GL03780","article-title":"Comet Hyakutake X-ray Source: Charge Transfer of Solar Wind Heavy Ions","volume":"24","author":"Cravens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geophys. 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