{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T14:06:08Z","timestamp":1767276368432,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scion SSIF funding and the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) programme","award":["C04X2101","C09X1806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C04X2101","C09X1806"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myrtle rust is a very damaging disease, caused by the fungus Austropuccinia psidii, which has recently arrived in New Zealand and threatens the iconic tree species p\u014dhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa). Canopy-level hyperspectral and thermal images were taken repeatedly within a controlled environment, from 49 inoculated (MR treatment) and 26 uninoculated (control treatment) p\u014dhutukawa plants. Measurements were taken prior to inoculation and six times post-inoculation over a 14-day period. Using indices extracted from these data, the objectives were to (i) identify the key thermal and narrow-band hyperspectral indices (NBHIs) associated with the pre-visual and early expression of myrtle rust and (ii) develop a classification model to detect the disease. The number of symptomatic plants increased rapidly from three plants at 3 days after inoculation (DAI) to all 49 MR plants at 8 DAI. NBHIs were most effective for pre-visual and early disease detection from 3 to 6 DAI, while thermal indices were more effective for detection of disease following symptom expression from 7 to 14 DAI. Using results compiled from an independent test dataset, model performance using the best thermal indices and NBHIs was excellent from 3 DAI to 6 DAI (F1 score 0.81\u20130.85; accuracy 73\u201380%) and outstanding from 7 to 14 DAI (F1 score 0.92\u20130.93; accuracy 89\u201391%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16061050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T12:02:39Z","timestamp":1710504159000},"page":"1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early Detection of Myrtle Rust on P\u014dhutukawa Using Indices Derived from Hyperspectral and Thermal Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Watt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, 10 Kyle St, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Honey Jane C.","family":"Estarija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6109-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila","family":"Pasquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Yorston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1888-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"McLay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7571-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Zhulanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6060-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiryn","family":"Dobbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Wardhaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Zulfikar","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scion, Rotorua 49 Sala Street, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0956-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Buddenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, Trier University, 54286 Trier, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-017-1450-0","article-title":"The unified framework for biological invasions: A forest fungal pathogen perspective","volume":"19","author":"Wingfield","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. 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