{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:24:46Z","timestamp":1773775486808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)","award":["CTM2014-52021-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2014-52021-R"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)","award":["BP17-151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP17-151"]}]},{"name":"Government of the Principality of Asturias","award":["CTM2014-52021-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2014-52021-R"]}]},{"name":"Government of the Principality of Asturias","award":["BP17-151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP17-151"]}]},{"name":"University of Oviedo","award":["CTM2014-52021-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTM2014-52021-R"]}]},{"name":"University of Oviedo","award":["BP17-151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP17-151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Temperature analysis is of special interest in polar areas because temperature is an essential variable in the energy exchange between the Earth\u2019s surface and atmosphere. Although land surface temperature (LST) obtained using satellites and air temperature (Ta) have different physical meanings and are measured with different techniques, LST has often been successfully employed to estimate Ta. For this reason, in this work, we estimated Ta from LST MODIS collection 6 (C6) and used other predictor variables. Daily mean Ta was calculated from Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) stations data on the Livingston and Deception Islands, and from the PERMASNOW project stations on Livingston Island; both islands being part of the South Shetland Islands (SSI) archipelago. In relation to our previous work carried out in the study area with collection 5 (C5) data, we obtained higher R2 values (R2CV = 0.8, in the unique model with Terra daytime data) and lower errors (RMSECV = 2.2 \u00b0C, MAECV = 1.6 \u00b0C). We corroborated significant improvements in MODIS C6 LST data. We analyzed emissivity as a possible factor of discrepancies between C5 and C6, but we did not find conclusive results, therefore we could not affirm that emissivity is the factor that causes differences between one collection and another. The results obtained with the applied filters indicated that MODIS data can be used to study Ta in the area, as these filters contribute to the reduction of uncertainties in the modeling of Ta from satellites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16061084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:56:07Z","timestamp":1710914167000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Improvements in the Estimation of Air Temperature with Empirical Models on Livingston and Deception Islands in Maritime Antarctica (2000\u20132016) Using C6 MODIS LST"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5089-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Corbea-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, University of La Laguna, Camino San Francisco de Paula, n19, 38200 San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-6798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Recondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Applications (RSApps) Research Group, Area of Cartographic, Geodesic and Photogrammetric Engineering, Department of Mining Exploitation and Prospecting, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, C\/Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s s\/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0536-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier F.","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Applications (RSApps) Research Group, Department of Physics, Polytechnic School of Mieres, University of Oviedo, C\/Gonzalo Guti\u00e9rrez Quir\u00f3s s\/n, 33600 Mieres, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Meteorological Organization (2018). 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