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The field data collection methods include the traditional reflectance-based approach and the automated Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS). The results for top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance show an average ratio (OLI\/ground measurements) of 1.03, 1.01, 1.00, 1.02, 1.02, 1.01, 0.98, and 1.01 for Landsat 9 OLI bands 1\u20138, which is within the design specification of \u00b15% for spectral radiance. The results for top-of-atmosphere reflectance show an average ratio (OLI\/ground measurements) of 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 1.02, 1.01, 1.02, 1.00, and 1.00 for Landsat 9 OLI bands 1\u20138, which is within the design specification of \u00b13% for top-of-atmosphere reflectance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16061101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T04:34:46Z","timestamp":1710995686000},"page":"1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4804-5358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Czapla-Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Group, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurtis J.","family":"Thome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing Group, Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry M.","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-8697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cibele Teixeira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4352-757X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian N.","family":"Wenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems & Applications Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.14358\/PERS.88.7.429","article-title":"Seeing Our Planet Anew: Fifty Years of Landsat","volume":"88","author":"Loveland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Photogramm. 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