{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T21:56:33Z","timestamp":1775858193493,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]],"date-time":"2024-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Project of Chinese High-resolution Earth Observation System","award":["00-Y30B01-9001-22\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00-Y30B01-9001-22\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The complexity of surface characteristics in rural areas poses challenges for accurate extraction of built-up areas from remote sensing images. The Artificial Surface Index (ASI) emerged as a novel and accurate built-up land index. However, the absence of short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands in most high-resolution (HR) images restricts the application of index-based methods in rural built-up land extraction. This paper presents a rapid extraction method for high-resolution built-up land in rural areas based on ASI. Through the downscaling techniques of random forest (RF) regression, high-resolution SWIR bands were generated. They were then combined with visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands to compute ASI on GaoFen-2 (GF-2) images (called ASIGF). Furthermore, a red roof index (RRI) was designed to reduce the probability of misclassifying built-up land with bare soil. The results demonstrated that SWIR downscaling effectively compensates for multispectral information absence in HR imagery and expands the applicability of index-based methods to HR remote sensing data. Compared with five other indices (UI, BFLEI, NDBI, BCI, and PISI), the combination of ASI and RRI achieved the optimal performance in built-up land enhancement and bare land suppression, particularly showcasing superior performance in rural built-up land extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T12:28:06Z","timestamp":1711369686000},"page":"1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A New High-Resolution Rural Built-Up Land Extraction Method Based on Artificial Surface Index with Short-Wave Infrared Downscaling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wenlu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Chenlu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, T., Naikoo, M.W., Talukdar, S., Parvez, A., Rahman, A., Pal, S., Asgher, M.S., Islam, A.R.M.T., and Mosavi, A. 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