{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T09:00:26Z","timestamp":1770714026687,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the greatest challenges of our time is monitoring the rapid environmental changes taking place worldwide at both local and global scales. This requires easy-to-use and ready-to-implement tools and services to monitor and quantify aspects of bio- and geodiversity change and the impact of land use intensification using freely available and global remotely sensed data, and to derive remotely sensed indicators. Currently, there are no services for quantifying both raster- and vector-based indicators in a \u201ccompact tool\u201d. Therefore, the main innovation of ESIS\/Imalys is having a remote sensing (RS) tool that allows for RS data processing, data management, and continuous and discrete quantification and derivation of RS indicators in one tool. With the ESIS\/Imalys project (Ecosystem Integrity Remote Sensing\u2014Modelling and Service Tool), we try to present environmental indicators on a clearly defined and reproducible basis. The Imalys software library generates the RS indicators and remote sensing products defined for ESIS. This paper provides an overview of the functionality of the Imalys software library. An overview of the technical background of the implementation of the Imalys library, data formats and the user interfaces is given. Examples of RS-based indicators derived using the Imalys tool at pixel level and at zone level (vector level) are presented. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the Imalys tool are discussed in detail in order to better assess the value of Imalys for users and developers. The applicability of the indicators will be demonstrated through three ecological applications, namely: (1) monitoring landscape diversity, (2) monitoring landscape structure and landscape fragmentation, and (3) monitoring land use intensity and its impact on ecosystem functions. Despite the integration of large amounts of data, Imalys can run on any PC, as the processing and derivation of indicators has been greatly optimised. The Imalys source code is freely available and is hosted and maintained under an open source license. Complete documentation of all methods, functions and derived indicators can be found in the freely available Imalys manual. The user-friendliness of Imalys, despite the integration of a large amount of RS data, makes it another important tool for ecological research, modelling and application for the monitoring and derivation of ecosystem indicators from local to global scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T12:28:06Z","timestamp":1711369686000},"page":"1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ecosystem Integrity Remote Sensing\u2014Modelling and Service Tool\u2014ESIS\/Imalys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Selsam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Data Management\u2014RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH\u2014UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-8663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Bumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Data Management\u2014RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH\u2014UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstra\u00dfe 4, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6852-5095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thilo","family":"Wellmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landscape Ecology Lab, Geography Department, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3836-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Pause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, Facility Management and Geoinformation, Institute for Geoinformation and Surveying, Bauhausstra\u00dfe 8, D-06846 Dessau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"Gey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Research Data Management\u2014RDM, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH\u2014UFZ, Permoserstra\u00dfe 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum-DFD, Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt-DLR, Kalkhorstweg 53, D-17235 Neustrelitz, Germany"},{"name":"Geod\u00e4sie und Geoinformatik, Fachhochschule Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Stra\u00dfe 2, D-17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4490-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Lausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture, Facility Management and Geoinformation, Institute for Geoinformation and Surveying, Bauhausstra\u00dfe 8, D-06846 Dessau, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research\u2014UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2022). 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