{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T03:23:10Z","timestamp":1774149790005,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office","award":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral School of the Physical Institute of the E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","award":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"]}]},{"name":"Hungarian UNKP-21-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology","award":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Fund","award":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KDP-2020-ELTE-1010099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Specific polarized light pollution (PLP) means the adverse influences of strongly and horizontally polarized light reflected from smooth and dark artificial surfaces on polarotactic water-seeking aquatic insects. Typical PLP sources are photovoltaic panels. Using drone-based imaging polarimetry, in a solar panel farm, we measured the reflection-polarization patterns of fixed-tilt photovoltaic panels from the viewpoint of flying polarotactic aquatic insects, which are the most endangered targets and potential victims of such panels. We found that the temporal changes in PLP were complementary for the two orthogonal viewing directions relative to the panel rows. The estimated magnitude plp of the polarized light pollution of solar panels viewed parallel to the panel rows was the highest (primary peak plp = 49\u201358% after sunrise and secondary peak plp = 35\u201348% prior to sunset) at low solar elevations, after sunrise and at or prior to sunset, when many aquatic insect species fly and seek water bodies. On the other hand, the PLP of solar panels viewed perpendicular to the panel rows was the highest (plp = 29\u201335%) at the largest solar elevations, near noon, when numerous flying aquatic insect species also seek water. Solar panel farms near wetlands can, therefore, be dangerous for these insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T12:09:40Z","timestamp":1711627780000},"page":"1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Polarized Light Pollution of Fixed-Tilt Photovoltaic Solar Panels Measured by Drone-Polarimetry and Its Visual-Ecological Importance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Tak\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Optics Laboratory, Department of Biological Physics, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny S\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Drem Innovation and Consulting Ltd., Szentendrei \u00fat 95, H-1033 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9nes","family":"Sz\u00e1z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Optics Laboratory, Department of Biological Physics, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny S\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Bern\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Optics Laboratory, Department of Biological Physics, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny S\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Drem Innovation and Consulting Ltd., Szentendrei \u00fat 95, H-1033 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Pomozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Optics Laboratory, Department of Biological Physics, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny S\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Drem Innovation and Consulting Ltd., Szentendrei \u00fat 95, H-1033 Budapest, Hungary"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Optics Laboratory, Department of Biological Physics, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, P\u00e1zm\u00e1ny S\u00e9t\u00e1ny 1, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"sciadv.1600377","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600377","article-title":"The new world atlas of artificial night sky brightness","volume":"2","author":"Falchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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