{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T11:37:08Z","timestamp":1776685028369,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42192580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192580"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42192581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42192581"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is widely used for monitoring vegetation status, as accurate and reliable NDVI time series are crucial for understanding the relationship between environmental conditions, vegetation health, and productivity. Ground digital cameras have been recognized as important potential data sources for validating remote-sensing NDVI products. However, differences in the spectral characteristics and imaging methods between sensors onboard satellites and ground digital cameras hinder direct consistency analyses, thereby limiting the quantitative application of camera-based observations. To address this limitation and meet the needs of vegetation monitoring research and remote-sensing NDVI validation, this study implements a novel NDVI camera. The proposed camera incorporates narrowband dual-pass filters designed to precisely separate red and near-infrared (NIR) spectral bands, which are aligned with the configuration of sensors onboard satellites. Through software-controlled imaging parameters, the camera captures the real radiance of vegetation reflection, ensuring the acquisition of accurate NDVI values while preserving the evolving trends of the vegetation status. The performance of this NDVI camera was evaluated using a hyperspectral spectrometer in the Hulunbuir Grassland over a period of 93 days. The results demonstrate distinct seasonal characteristics in the camera-derived NDVI time series using the Green Chromatic Coordinate (GCC) index. Moreover, in comparison to the GCC index, the camera\u2019s NDVI values exhibit greater consistency with those obtained from the hyperspectral spectrometer, with a mean deviation of 0.04, and a relative root mean square error of 9.68%. This indicates that the narrowband NDVI, compared to traditional color indices like the GCC index, has a stronger ability to accurately capture vegetation changes. Cross-validation using the NDVI results from the camera and the PlanetScope satellite further confirms the potential of the camera-derived NDVI data for consistency analyses with remote sensing-based NDVI products, thus highlighting the potential of camera observations for quantitative applications The research findings emphasize that the novel NDVI camera, based on a narrowband spectral design, not only enables the acquisition of real vegetation index (VI) values but also facilitates the direct validation of vegetation remote-sensing NDVI products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1711891680000},"page":"1212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["The Retrieval of Ground NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) Data Consistent with Remote-Sensing Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6522-5348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghua","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by Beijing Normal University and Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-019-9622-2","article-title":"Progress in plant phenology modeling under global climate change","volume":"63","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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