{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T10:51:10Z","timestamp":1774435870948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Authority of the University of Haifa","award":["101088962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101088962"]}]},{"name":"Research Authority of the University of Haifa","award":["2021HatterGD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HatterGD"]}]},{"name":"Honor Frost Foundation","award":["101088962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101088962"]}]},{"name":"Honor Frost Foundation","award":["2021HatterGD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HatterGD"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["101088962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101088962"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2021HatterGD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HatterGD"]}]},{"name":"student scholarship","award":["101088962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101088962"]}]},{"name":"student scholarship","award":["2021HatterGD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021HatterGD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deriving bathymetry by means of multispectral satellite imagery proves to be a replicable method, offering high-resolution coverage over large areas while keeping costs low. Maritime archaeologists often require bathymetric mapping at a high resolution and with a large spatial coverage. In this paper, we demonstrate the implementation of SDB in maritime archaeology using high-resolution (5 m\/pixel) data from Vegetation and Environment monitoring on a New Micro-Satellite (VEN\u03bcS) imagery. We focus on the area of the Roman harbour of Sebastos, located at Caesarea Maritima along the Israeli coast of the Eastern Mediterranean. For extracting SDB, we take an empirical approach, which is based on the integration of satellite imagery and sonar depth measurements, resulting in a blue-green band ratio algorithm that provides reliable results up to a water depth of 17 m. Comparison with in situ depth measurements yielded an RMSE of 0.688 m. The SDB mapping is complemented by satellite-based identification of above- and below-water rocks. The presented approach can readily be replicated in other regions using various types of multispectral satellite imagery, particularly when only coarse bathymetric sonar data are available, thus substantially contributing to our ability to perform maritime archaeological research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1711891680000},"page":"1218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Satellite-Derived Bathymetry in Support of Maritime Archaeological Research\u2014VEN\u03bcS Imagery of Caesarea Maritima, Israel, as a Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maritime Civilizations, School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Lehahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0003-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Nantet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maritime Civilizations, School of Archaeology and Maritime Cultures, University of Haifa, Haifa 3103301, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Smith, M.J., and Pain, C.F. (2011). The SAGE Handbook of Geomorphology, SAGE Publications Ltd."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2023.2166173","article-title":"Aggregation Methods Using Bathymetry Sources of Differing Subjective Reliabilities for Navigation Mapping","volume":"46","author":"Elmor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mar. Geod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.114458","article-title":"An approach to assess offshore wind power potential using bathymetry and near-hub-height reanalysis data","volume":"280","author":"Abdullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Zaman, H., Akinturk, A., and Mak, L. (2021). OCEANS 2021: San Diego\u2014Porto, IEEE."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.01.015","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of airborne LiDAR and ship-based multibeam SoNAR bathymetry and intensity for mapping coral reef ecosystems","volume":"113","author":"Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2011.06.028","article-title":"Capability of the Sentinel 2 mission for tropical coral reef mapping and coral bleaching detection","volume":"120","author":"Hedley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.12.004","article-title":"Retrieval of nearshore bathymetry from Landsat 8 images: A tool for coastal monitoring in shallow waters","volume":"159","author":"Pacheco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2010.11.018","article-title":"Automatic calculation of bathymetry for coastal hydrodynamic models","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comp. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2008.01.025","article-title":"Using bathymetric lidar to define nearshore benthic habitat complexity: Implications for management of reef fish assemblages in Hawaii","volume":"112","author":"Wedding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-3227(79)90080-X","article-title":"Wreck marks: Indicators of net sand transport","volume":"33","author":"Caston","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2006.01.011","article-title":"The role of scour in shipwreck site formation processes and the preservation of wreck-associated scour signatures in the sedimentary record\u2013evidence from seabed and sub-surface data","volume":"33","author":"Quinn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/gea.21489","article-title":"Holocene paleo-geographic reconstructions of the Ramore Head area, Northern Ireland, using geophysical and geotechnical data: Paleo-landscape mapping and archaeological implications","volume":"29","author":"Westley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoarchaeology"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"8","article-title":"Satellite-derived bathymetry for maritime archaeology: Testing its effectiveness at two ancient harbours in the Eastern Mediterranean","volume":"38","author":"Westley","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Archaeol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Violante, C. (2020, January 22\u201324). Acoustic remote sensing for seabed archaeology. Proceedings of the International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Trento, Italy."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Maarleveld, T.J., Gu\u00e9rin, U., and Egger, B. (2013). Manual for Activities Directed at Underwater Cultural Heritage: Guidelines to the Annex of the UNESCO 2001 Convention, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Violante, C., Gallocchio, E., Pagano, F., and Papadopulos, N. (2023, January 19\u201321). Geophysical and geoarchaeological investigations in the Submerged Archaeological Park of Baia (south Italy). Proceedings of the IMEKO International Conference on \u2018Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage\u2019, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.21014\/10.21014\/tc4-ARC-2023.165"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2024, March 03). HD-MAX Dual-Frequency Echo Sounder. Available online: https:\/\/en.hi-target.com.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/HD-MAX-Brochure-EN-20220513s.pdf."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2024, January 16). D270 SINGLE-BEAM ECHO SOUNDER. Available online: https:\/\/chcnav.com\/uploads\/D270_DS_EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2024, March 03). EM\u00ae 2042 Multibeam Echo Sounder for Shallow Waters. Available online: https:\/\/www.kongsberg.com\/globalassets\/discovery\/seafloor-mapping\/em-multibeams\/em-multibeams-media\/496233ab_em2042_data_sheet.pdf."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2024, March 03). SeatBat\u00ae T50-S SubSea Multibeam Echosounder. Available online: https:\/\/www.ashtead-technology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Teledyne-Reson-SeaBat-T50-S-Multibeam-Echosounder.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szafarczyk, A., and To\u015b, C. (2012). The use of green laser in LiDAR bathymetry: State of the art and recent advancements. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010292"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2024, March 03). Echo Sounder Combo: ECT D24S Dual-Frequency. Available online: https:\/\/shop.sphengineering.com\/collections\/echosounders\/products\/ect-d24s-combo."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0547","article-title":"Determination of water depth with high-resolution satellite imagery over variable bottom types","volume":"48","author":"Stumpf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/01431168108948342","article-title":"Remote sensing of bottom reflectance and water attenuation parameters in shallow water using aircraft and Landsat data Remote sensing of bottom reflectance and water attenuation parameters in shallow water using air","volume":"2","author":"Lyzenga","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.2003.48.1_part_2.0444","article-title":"Ocean color remote sensing of seagrass and bathymetry in the Bahamas Banks by high-resolution airborne imagery","volume":"48","author":"Dierssen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evagorou, E., Argyriou, A., Papadopoulos, N., Mettas, C., Alexandrakis, G., and Hadjimitsis, D. (2022). Evaluation of Satellite-Derived Bathymetry from High and Medium-Resolution Sensors Using Empirical Methods. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030772"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.07.008","article-title":"Efficient radiative transfer model inversion for remote sensing applications","volume":"113","author":"Hedley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.44.003576","article-title":"Interpretation of hyperspectral remote-sensing imagery by spectrum matching and look-up tables","volume":"44","author":"Mobley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2011.9.396","article-title":"Intercomparison of shallow water bathymetry, hydro-optics, and benthos mapping techniques in Australian and Caribbean coastal environments","volume":"9","author":"Dekker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.38.003831","article-title":"Hyperspectral remote sensing for shallow waters: 2. Deriving bottom depths and water properties by optimization","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011505","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2816113","article-title":"Retrieving key benthic cover types and bathymetry from hyperspectral imagery","volume":"1","author":"Klonowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sambuca: Semi-analytical model for bathymetry, unmixing and concentration assessment","volume":"22\/06","author":"Wettle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technol. Rep. CSIRO Land Water Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collings, S., Botha, E.J., Anstee, J., and Campbell, N. (2018). Depth from Satellite Images: Depth Retrieval Using a Stereo and Radiative Transfer-Based Hybrid Method. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10081247"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1080\/22797254.2019.1658542","article-title":"Shallow water bathymetry from WorldView-2 stereo imagery using two-media photogrammetry","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagawa, T., Yamashita, Y., Okumura, T., and Yamanokuchi, T. (2019). Satellite Derived Bathymetry Using Machine Learning and Multi-Temporal Satellite Images. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11101155"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"4","article-title":"Application of Machine Learning in Satellite Derived Bathymetry and Coastline Detection","volume":"2","author":"Dickens","year":"2019","journal-title":"SMU Data Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-V-3-2020-565-2020","article-title":"A Machine Learning Approach to Multispectral Satellite Derived Bathymetry","volume":"3","author":"Tonion","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Satellite derived bathymetry using deep learning","volume":"112","author":"Thoumyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.09.014","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variations of CDOM in shallow inland waters from a semi-analytical inversion of Landsat-8","volume":"218","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/0309133309105657","article-title":"Bathymetric mapping by means of remote sensing: Methods, accuracy and limitations","volume":"33","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Phys. Geogr."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Bukata, R.P., Jerome, J.H., Kondratyev, A.S., and Pozdnyakov, D.V. (1995). Optical Properties and Remote Sensing of Inland and Coastal Waters, CRC Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6242","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160902842367","article-title":"Determination of shallow water depth using optical satellite images","volume":"30","author":"Kao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"7","article-title":"Satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) and safety of navigation","volume":"71","author":"Mavraeidopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Hydrogr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012088","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/950\/1\/012088","article-title":"The application of satellite derived bathymetry for coastline mapping","volume":"950","author":"Dewi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joes.2021.02.006","article-title":"Review of near-shore satellite derived bathymetry: Classification and account of five decades of coastal bathymetry research","volume":"6","author":"Ashphaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ocean Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1515\/opar-2016-0018","article-title":"Exploring the utility of bathymetry maps derived with multispectral satellite observations in the field of underwater archaeology","volume":"2","author":"Guzinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Archaeol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lassak, D., Novikova, A., Argyriou, A.V., and Papadopoulos, N. (2023, January 19\u201321). Satellite Derived Bathymetry for the Islands of South Eastern Crete. Proceedings of the IMEKO International Conference on \u2018Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage\u2019, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.21014\/10.21014\/tc4-ARC-2023.187"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2024, February 09). Final Report Summary\u2014ITACA (Innovation Technologies and Applications for Coastal Archaeological Sites). Available online: https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/606805."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"VEN\u03bcS Mission and Products (2023, March 23). VEN\u03bcS Vegetation and Environment Monitoring New Micro Satellite. Available online: https:\/\/venus.bgu.ac.il\/Links\/VENuS_mission_summary_VM05_v02.pdf."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"CNES (2021, July 26). Joint French-Israeli Venus Mission. Available online: https:\/\/cnes.fr\/en\/web\/CNES-en\/3766-joint-french-israeli-vens-mission.php."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2024, March 07). VM05 MISSION (Updated on 20th October 2023). Available online: https:\/\/venus.bgu.ac.il\/venus\/."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raban, A., Artzy, M., Goodman, B., and Gal, Z. (2009). The Harbour of Sebastos (Caesarea Maritima) in its Roman Mediterranean Context, Archaeopress.","DOI":"10.30861\/9781407304120"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"377","article-title":"The Innovative Genius of Herod at Caesarea Maritima","volume":"6","author":"Bergin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cult. Relig."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Raban, A.J. (2008). Underwater Excavations in the Herodian Harbor Sebastos, 1995\u20131999 Seasons, BAR Int. Series."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galili, E., Salamon, A., Gambash, G., and Zviely, D. (2021). Archaeological and Natural Indicators of Sea-Level and Coastal Changes: The Case Study of the Caesarea Roman Harbor. Geosciences, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences11080306"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-9270.2004.00010.x","article-title":"Marine magnetic survey of a submerged Roman harbour, Caesarea Maritima, Israel","volume":"33","author":"Boyce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Naut. Archaeol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11457-017-9173-z","article-title":"The Plurality of Harbors at Caesarea: The Southern Anchorage in Late Antiquity","volume":"12","author":"Ratzlaff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Marit. Archaeol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-9270.1993.tb00392.x","article-title":"Underwater surveys and rescue excavations along the Israeli coast","volume":"22","author":"Galili","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Naut. Archaeol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van de Plassche, O. (1986). Sea-Level Research: A Manual for Collection and Evaluation of Data, Geo Books.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4215-8"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2023, May 27). MarineTraffic. Available online: https:\/\/www.marinetraffic.com\/en\/ais\/details\/ships\/shipid:7059908\/mmsi:428003005\/imo:0\/vessel:HADERA_PORT."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2023, July 27). Shipnext. Available online: https:\/\/shipnext.com\/port\/hadera-ilhad-isr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-9270.1992.tb00353.x","article-title":"Sebastos: The Royal Harbour at Caesarea Maritima\u2014A Short-Lived Giant","volume":"21","author":"Raban","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Naut. Archaeol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2014.12.001","article-title":"Bathymetry of the Levant basin: Interaction of salt-tectonics and surficial mass movements","volume":"360","author":"Gvirtzman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Geol."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2024, February 14). EM 1002\u2014Multibeam Echo Sounder. Available online: http:\/\/linux.geodatapub.com\/shipwebpages\/survey%20gear\/Multibeam\/EM1002%20-%20Powell\/M%201002%20Product%20Description.pdf."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(2024, February 15). Seabeam 3050 N at a Glance. Available online: https:\/\/www.yumpu.com\/en\/document\/read\/27114766\/seabeam-3050-n-elac-nautik\/4."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowens, A. (2009). Underwater Archaeology: The NAS Guides to Principles and Practice, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444302875"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traganos, D., Poursanidis, D., Aggarwal, B., Chrysoulakis, N., and Reinartz, P. (2018). Estimating satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) with the google earth engine and sentinel-2. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10060859"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.08.326","article-title":"Bathymetry Mapping Using Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery","volume":"116","author":"Jagalingam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., Knapp, D.E., Lyons, M., Roelfsema, C., Phinn, S., Schill, S.R., and Asner, G.P. (2021). Automated Global Shallow Water Bathymetry Mapping Using Google Earth Engine. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081469"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"(2024, February 19). Resample (Data Management). Available online: https:\/\/pro.arcgis.com\/en\/pro-app\/latest\/tool-reference\/data-management\/resample.htm."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2112\/SI76-011","article-title":"Accuracy of interpolated bathymetry in digital elevation 657 models","volume":"76","author":"Amante","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Coast. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.870405","article-title":"Decorrelating remote sensing color bands from bathymetry in optically shallow waters","volume":"44","author":"Conger","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Tran. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(96)00067-3","article-title":"NDWI\u2014A normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space","volume":"58","author":"Gao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111302","article-title":"Adaptive bathymetry estimation for shallow coastal waters using Planet Dove satellites","volume":"232","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Rosen, D.S. (2000, January 15\u201317). A Review of Sea Level Monitoring Status in Israel. Proceedings of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission & International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of the Mediterranean Sea MedGLOSS Pilot Network Workshop and Coordination Meeting, Haifa, Israel."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Nantet, E. (2016). Phortia: Le Tonnage des Navires de Commerce en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e: Du Viiie Si\u00e8cle av. L\u2019\u00e8re Chr\u00e9tienne au Viie Si\u00e8cle de L\u2019\u00e8re Chr\u00e9tienne, Presses Universitaires de Rennes."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/7\/1218\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:21:15Z","timestamp":1760106075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/7\/1218"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16071218"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16071218","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]}}}