{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T13:01:58Z","timestamp":1770469318143,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, Geoscience Australia has undertaken a successful continental-scale validation program, targeting Landsat and Sentinel analysis-ready data surface reflectance products. The field validation model used for this program was successfully built upon earlier studies, and the measurement uncertainties associated with these protocols have been quantified and published. As a consequence, the Australian earth observation community was well-prepared to respond to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) call for collaborators with the 2021 Landsat 8 (L8) and Landsat 9 (L9) underfly. Despite a number of challenges, seven validation datasets were captured across five sites. As there was only a single 100% overlap transit across Australia, and the country was amidst a strong La Ni\u00f1a climate cycle, it was decided to deploy teams to the two available overpasses with only 15% side lap. The validation sites encompassed rangelands, chenopod shrublands, and a large inland lake. Apart from instrument problems at one site, good weather enabled the capture of high-quality field data allowing for meaningful comparisons between the radiometric performance of L8 and L9, as well as the USGS and Australian Landsat analysis-ready data processing models. Duplicate (cross-calibration) spectral sampling at different sites provides evidence of the field protocol reliability, while the off-nadir view of L9 over the water site has been used to better compare the performance of different water and atmospheric correction processing models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1711891680000},"page":"1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validating Digital Earth Australia NBART for the Landsat 9 Underfly of Landsat 8"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1630-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave. and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0255-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Broomhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave. and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave. and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8695-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medhavy","family":"Thankappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave. and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave. and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia"}]},{"given":"Fuqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoscience Australia, Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave. and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston, ACT 2609, Australia"}]},{"given":"Brendon","family":"McAtee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Remote Sensing and Satellite Research Group, School of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6495-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Anstee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AquaWatch Australia CSIRO Space and Astronomy, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8980-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Kerrisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1248-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Drayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO Environment, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Barnetson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Samford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Denham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/2017RG000562","article-title":"Validation Practices for Satellite-Based Earth Observation Data across Communities","volume":"55","author":"Loew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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