{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:00:27Z","timestamp":1779379227862,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The applicability of remote sensing enables the prediction of nutritional value, phytosanitary conditions, and productivity of crops in a non-destructive manner, with greater efficiency than conventional techniques. By identifying problems early and providing specific management recommendations in bean cultivation, farmers can reduce crop losses, provide more accurate and adequate diagnoses, and increase the efficiency of agricultural resources. The aim was to analyze the efficiency of vegetation indices using remote sensing techniques from UAV multispectral images and Sentinel-2A\/MSI to evaluate the spectral response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation in different phenological stages (V4 = 32 DAS; R5 = 47 DAS; R6 = 60 DAS; R8 = 74 DAS; and R9 = 89 DAS, in 99 days after sowing\u2014DAS) with the application of doses of magnesium (0, 250, 500, and 1000 g ha\u22121). The field characteristics analyzed were mainly chlorophyll content, productivity, and plant height in an experimental area by central pivot in the midwest region of Brazil. Data from UAV vegetation indices served as variables for the treatments implemented in the field and were statistically correlated with the crop\u2019s biophysical parameters. The spectral response of the bean crop was also detected through spectral indices (NDVI, NDMI_GAO, and NDWI_GAO) from Sentinel-2A\/MSI, with spectral resolutions of 10 and 20 m. The quantitative values of NDVI from UAV and Sentinel-2A\/MSI were evaluated by multivariate statistical analysis, such as principal components (PC), and cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC), in the different phenological stages. The NDVI and MCARI vegetation indices stood out for productivity prediction, with r = 0.82 and RMSE of 330 and 329 kg ha\u22121, respectively. The TGI had the best performance in terms of plant height (r = 0.73 and RMSE = 7.4 cm). The best index for detecting the relative chlorophyll SPAD content was MCARI (r = 0.81; R2 = 0.66 and RMSE = 10.14 SPAD), followed by NDVI (r = 0.81; R2 = 0.65 and RMSE = 10.19 SPAD). The phenological stage with the highest accuracy in estimating productive variables was R9 (Physiological maturation). GNDVI in stages R6 and R9 and VARI in stage R9 were significant at 5% for magnesium doses, with quadratic regression adjustments and a maximum point at 500 g ha\u22121. Vegetation indices based on multispectral bands of Sentinel-2A\/MSI exhibited a spectral dynamic capable of aiding in the management of bean crops throughout their cycle. PCA (PC1 = 48.83% and PC2 = 39.25%) of the satellite multiple regression model from UAV vs. Sentinel-2A\/MSI presented a good coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.667) and low RMSE = 0.12. UAV data for the NDVI showed that the Sentinel-2A\/MSI samples were more homogeneous, while the UAV samples detected a more heterogeneous quantitative pattern, depending on the development of the crop and the application of doses of magnesium. Results shown denote the potential of using geotechnologies, especially the spectral response of vegetation indices in monitoring common bean crops. Although UAV and Sentinel-2A\/MSI technologies are effective in evaluating standards of the common bean crop cycle, more studies are needed to better understand the relationship between field variables and spectral responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T01:26:10Z","timestamp":1712021170000},"page":"1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Geotechnologies in Biophysical Analysis through the Applicability of the UAV and Sentinel-2A\/MSI in Irrigated Area of Common Beans: Accuracy and Spatial Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8698-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique Fonseca Elias","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"},{"name":"Cerrado Irrigation Graduate Program, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Eduardo Vieira","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleiton Mateus","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"},{"name":"Cerrado Irrigation Graduate Program, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leomar Rufino","family":"Alves J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Image Processing and Geoprocessing, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9399-4478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerrado Irrigation Graduate Program, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG), Nova Veneza, km 0. Campus Samambaia\u2014UFG, Goi\u00e2nia 74690-900, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef Augusto Oberdan Souza","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerrado Irrigation Graduate Program, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lessandro Coll","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Technological Development, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1318-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Vin\u00edcius","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irm\u00e3os, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9042-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Rogerio","family":"Giongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Goi\u00e1s, Via Protestato Joaquim Bueno, 945, Per\u00edmetro Urbano, Santa Helena de Goi\u00e1s 75920-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-7605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Francisco","family":"de Oliveira J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT), Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Macei\u00f3 57072-260, Alagoas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilson Soares","family":"de Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Systems, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2611-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jhon Lennon Bezerra","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cerrado Irrigation Graduate Program, Goiano Federal Institute\u2014Campus Ceres, GO-154, km 218\u2014Zona Rural, Ceres 76300-000, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Titolo, A. 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