{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:58:05Z","timestamp":1760144285596,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3900401","23ZR1405600","41975021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3900401","23ZR1405600","41975021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["2021YFB3900401","23ZR1405600","41975021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3900401","23ZR1405600","41975021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3900401","23ZR1405600","41975021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3900401","23ZR1405600","41975021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Single scattering in radiative transfer is separated into rapidly-varying and slowly-varying processes, where the rapidly-varying process (RVP) is mainly contributed by the diffraction effect. Accordingly, the diffraction decomposition order (DDO) method is developed to solve the vector radiative transfer equation (VRTE). Instead of directly solving the original VRTE, we decompose it into a series of order equations, where the zeroth-order equation replaces the RVP with a \u03b4-function while the high-order equations are the same as the zeroth-order one, except that the high decomposition orders of the RVP are used as driven sources. In this study, the DDO method is numerically realized using the successive order of the scattering method. The DDO is computationally efficient and accurate. More importantly, all physical processes in the VRTE are fully decomposed due to the order decomposition of the RVP and can be straightforwardly discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16071300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T03:11:33Z","timestamp":1712545893000},"page":"1300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Separation of Rapidly-Varying and Slowly-Varying Processes and Development of Diffraction Decomposition Order Method in Radiative Transfer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7579-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingqiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7573-424X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Boundary Dynamics and Climate Change, Shanghai 200438, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chandrasekhar, S. 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