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Therefore, identifying asbestos\u2013cement rooftops is the first necessary step to proceed with their removal. Unfortunately, asbestos detection is a challenging task. Current procedures for identifying asbestos require human exploration, which is costly and slow. This has motivated the interest of governments and companies in developing automatic tools that can help to detect and classify these types of materials that are dangerous to the population. This paper explores multiple computer vision techniques based on Deep Learning to advance the automatic detection of asbestos in aerial images. On the one hand, we trained and tested two classification architectures, obtaining high accuracy levels. On the other, we implemented an explainable AI method to discern what information in an RGB image is relevant for a successful classification, ensuring that our classifiers\u2019 learning process is guided by the right variables\u2014color, surface patterns, texture, etc.\u2014observable on asbestos rooftops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T07:09:28Z","timestamp":1712819368000},"page":"1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Explainable Automatic Detection of Fiber\u2013Cement Roofs in Aerial RGB Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7904-6903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davoud","family":"Omarzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9246-8150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adonis","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1110-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Bustos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Mart\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Scotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DetectA, 08009 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DetectA, 08009 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5248-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Lapedriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e-Health Center, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9036-8463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Borge-Holthoefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internet Interdisciplinary Institute (IN3), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2013.863752","article-title":"Occupational asbestos exposure and lung cancer\u2014A systematic review of the literature","volume":"69","author":"Nielsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. 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