{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:16:23Z","timestamp":1770290183002,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["2022021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022021"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["42130406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute of Oceanography, MNR","award":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation of the Third Institute 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China","award":["42130406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42130406"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-WLHY-03"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-04-QYQH-01"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GASI-01-SIND-STwin"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFC1402607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1402607"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we investigate the connection between planetary equatorial waves, modulated by the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Ni\u00f1o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the interannual variabilities of the salinity distribution in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) in October\u2013December (OND), along with its associated dynamics, using satellite and reanalysis datasets. In OND 2010 and 2016 (1994, 1997, 2006, and 2019), positive (negative) sea surface salinity anomalies (SSSAs) were distributed in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) and Andaman Sea. Moreover, the southward movement of negative (positive) SSSAs along the eastern Indian coast was observed. This phenomenon was caused by large-scale anomalous currents associated with zonal wind over the EIO. During OND 2010 and 2016 (1994, 1997, 2006, and 2019), due to anomalous westerlies (easterlies) over the EIO and anomalous downwelling (upwelling) Kelvin waves, the strengthened (weakened) Wyrtki jet and the basin-scale anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation in the BoB gave rise to positive (negative) SSSAs within the eastern EIO and Andaman Sea. In addition, the intensified (weakened) eastern Indian coastal currents led to the southward movement of negative (positive) SSSAs. It is worth noting that downwelling Kelvin waves reached the western coast of India during OND 2010 and 2016, while upwelling Kelvin waves were only confined to the eastern coast of India during OND 1994, 1997, 2006, and 2019. Furthermore, westward salinity signals associated with reflected westward Rossby waves could modulate the spatial pattern of salinity. The distribution of salinity anomalies could potentially influence the formation of the barrier layer, thereby impacting the sea surface temperature variability and local convection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T09:37:31Z","timestamp":1712828251000},"page":"1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unraveling the Influence of Equatorial Waves on Post-Monsoon Sea Surface Salinity Anomalies in the Bay of Bengal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-6046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3552-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuwen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-1390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Junpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China"},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical and Geological Processes, Xiamen 361005, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2021JC017361","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JC017361","article-title":"The Cause of an Extremely Low Salinity Anomaly in the Bay of Bengal During 2012 Spring","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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