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This study employs the diffuse fraction-based two-leaf light-use efficiency (DTEC) model to imitate China\u2019s monthly GPP from 2001 to 2020. We studied the trend of GPP, investigated its relationship with climatic factors, and separated the contributions of climate change and human activities. The findings showed that the DTEC model was widely applicable in China. During the study period, China\u2019s average GPP increased significantly, by 9.77 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121 (p &lt; 0.001). The detrimental effect of aerosol optical depth (AOD) on GPP was more widespread than that of total precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation. Areas that benefited from AOD, such as Northwest China, experienced significant increases in GPP. Climate change and human activities had a primary and positive influence on GPP during the study period, accounting for 28% and 72% of the increase, respectively. Human activities, particularly ecological restoration projects and the adoption of advanced agricultural technologies, played a significant role in China\u2019s GPP growth. China\u2019s afforestation plan was particularly notable, with the GPP increasing in afforestation areas at a rate greater than 10 g C m\u22122 yr\u22121. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the long-term management of China\u2019s terrestrial ecosystems and helps develop adaptive ecological restoration tactics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T09:28:06Z","timestamp":1712914086000},"page":"1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Exploring the Spatiotemporal Alterations in China\u2019s GPP Based on the DTEC Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yayong","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"},{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naiqing","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haibin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"},{"name":"Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-11-1783-2019","article-title":"Global Carbon Budget 2019","volume":"11","author":"Friedlingstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Earth Syst. 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