{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:44:50Z","timestamp":1782575090507,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Cooperative Institute for Research to Operations in Hydrology (CIROH)","award":["NA22NWS4320003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA22NWS4320003"]}]},{"name":"the Cooperative Institute for Research to Operations in Hydrology (CIROH)","award":["A22-0305-S003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A22-0305-S003"]}]},{"name":"the Cooperative Institute for Research to Operations in Hydrology (CIROH)","award":["80NSSC22K1915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC22K1915"]}]},{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ROSES Citizen Science for Earth Systems Program","award":["NA22NWS4320003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA22NWS4320003"]}]},{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ROSES Citizen Science for Earth Systems Program","award":["A22-0305-S003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A22-0305-S003"]}]},{"name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ROSES Citizen Science for Earth Systems Program","award":["80NSSC22K1915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC22K1915"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study introduces a new automated system that blends multi-satellite information and citizen science data for reliable and timely observations of lake and river ice in under-observed northern regions. The system leverages the Google Earth Engine resources to facilitate the analysis and visualization of ice conditions. The adopted approach utilizes a combination of moderate and high-resolution optical data, along with radar observations. The results demonstrate the system\u2019s capability to accurately detect and monitor river ice, particularly during key periods, such as the freeze-up and the breakup. The integration citizen science data showed added values in the validation of remote sensing products, as well as filling gaps whenever satellite observations cannot be collected due to cloud obstruction. Moreover, it was shown that citizen science data can be converted to valuable quantitative information, such as the case of ice thickness, which is very useful when combined with ice extent derived from remote sensing. In this study, citizen science data were employed for the quantitative assessment of the remote sensing product. Obtained results showed a good agreement between the product and observed river status, with a Critical Success Index of 0.82. Notably, the system has shown effectiveness in capturing the spatial and temporal evolution of snow and ice conditions, as evidenced by its application in analyzing specific ice jam events in 2023. The study concludes that the developed system marks a significant advancement in river ice monitoring, combining technological innovation with community engagement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T11:09:20Z","timestamp":1712920160000},"page":"1368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Google Earth Engine Platform to Integrate Multi-Satellite and Citizen Science Data for the Monitoring of River Ice Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7655-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelkader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering (CEOE), Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge Humberto","family":"Bravo Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering (CEOE), Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0006-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marouane","family":"Temimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering (CEOE), Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1195-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana R. N.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2291-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie V.","family":"Spellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-6225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Arp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Bondurant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holli","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1848-1","article-title":"The Past and Future of Global River Ice","volume":"577","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.02.011","article-title":"Identifying Historic River Ice Breakup Timing Using MODIS and Google Earth Engine in Support of Operational Flood Monitoring in Northern Ontario","volume":"224","author":"Beaton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens. 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