{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T11:45:47Z","timestamp":1774352747967,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000133566\/20\/I-NB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000133566\/20\/I-NB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PUT PRG302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PUT PRG302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Estonian Research Council","award":["4000133566\/20\/I-NB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000133566\/20\/I-NB"]}]},{"name":"Estonian Research Council","award":["PUT PRG302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PUT PRG302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Remote sensing is a valuable tool for surveying submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) distribution patterns at extensive spatial and temporal scales. Only regular mapping over successive time periods (e.g., months, years) allows for a quantitative assessment of SAV loss or recolonization extent. Still, there are only a limited number of studies assessing temporal changes in SAV patterns. ESA Sentinel-2 (S2) has a high revisiting frequency permitting the multi-temporal assessment of SAV dynamics both seasonally and inter-annually. In the current study, a physics-based IDA (Image Data Analysis) model was used for the reconstruction of past SAV percent cover (%cover) patterns in the Baltic Sea coastal waters based on S2 archived images. First, we aimed at capturing and quantifying intra-annual spatiotemporal SAV dynamics happening during a growing season. Modeling results showed that significant changes took place in SAV %cover: the extent of low-cover (0\u201330% coverage) and intermediate-cover (30\u201370% coverage) areas decreased, while high-cover (70\u2013100% coverage) areas increased during the growing period. Secondly, we also aimed at detecting SAV %cover spatiotemporal variations inter-annually (over the years 2016\u20132022). Inter-annual variability in %cover patterns was greater in the beginning of the vegetation period (May). The peak of the growing period (July\/August) showed greater stability in the areal extent of the %cover classes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T10:24:26Z","timestamp":1713176666000},"page":"1396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessing Seasonal and Inter-Annual Changes in the Total Cover of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Using Sentinel-2 Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ele","family":"Vahtm\u00e4e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9445-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Argus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaire","family":"Toming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"given":"Tiia","family":"M\u00f6ller-Raid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9679-1422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiit","family":"Kutser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, M\u00e4ealuse 14, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Macreadie, P.I., Jarvis, J., Trevathan-Tackett, S.M., and Bellgrove, A. 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