{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:22:30Z","timestamp":1772788950402,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qingdao Institute of Collaborative Innovation","award":["LYY-2022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LYY-2022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The internal waves in the South China Sea are highly correlated with the tidal currents in the Luzon Strait, which makes it possible to establish an internal wave prediction model based on internal wave kinematics. However, the kinematic model requires the input of the exact location and time of the initial internal wave for which the generation mechanism of internal waves in the northern South China Sea must be well understood. By analyzing the internal wave field in the northern South China Sea (SCS) simulated using the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm) and observations from satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and mooring temperature\u2013salinity\u2013depth (TSD) chains, the source regions and propagation initiation times of internal waves are identified for three typical tidal phases, i.e., the diurnal-tide-dominated phase (DTP), transition tide phase (TTP), and semidiurnal-tide-dominated phase (STP). The generation procedures of Type A and Type B internal waves are discussed in detail with those data. The present study reveals that Type A and Type B waves are generated at the eastern and western ridges, respectively, and both commence their westward propagation at the peak of the eastward tidal flow. The dynamics of lee waves and the resonance effect with double ridges constitute the generation mechanisms of internal waves in the northern SCS. Combined with varying configurations of tidal conditions, topography, and stratification, the generation procedures of Type A and Type B waves in the DTP, TTP, and STP are elucidated with the generation mechanism in a unified and self-consistent way. In short, during DTP, weaker A waves alternate with weaker B waves each day; during TTP, strong A waves and strong B waves appear alternately every day; and there are two weak A waves per day during the STP. The generation mechanism can help in developing future empirical models for generating internal waves using tidal currents, topography, and stratification without requiring complex fluid dynamics calculations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16081440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T10:30:52Z","timestamp":1713436252000},"page":"1440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Studying the Internal Wave Generation Mechanism in the Northern South China Sea Using Numerical Simulation, Synthetic Aperture Radar, and In Situ Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1547-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"},{"name":"Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China"}]},{"given":"Ruyin","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}]},{"given":"Hengyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}]},{"given":"Rongqing","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisdom Blue Oceanographic Engineering Institute, Qingdao 266555, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}]},{"given":"Mingxia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14399","article-title":"The Formation and Fate of Internal Waves in the South China Sea","volume":"521","author":"Alford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-022-2072-7","article-title":"Basis Functions for Shallow-Water Temperature Profiles Based on the Internal-Wave Eigenmodes","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. 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