{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T21:13:27Z","timestamp":1768166007170,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA0718600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA0718600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42222408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42222408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41931073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41931073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y2021027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2021027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFA0718600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA0718600"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42222408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42222408"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41931073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41931073"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["Y2021027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2021027"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["2021YFA0718600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA0718600"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["42222408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42222408"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["41931073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41931073"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["Y2021027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y2021027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spectra and global distributions of the X-ray emissions generated by the solar wind charge-exchange (SWCX) process in the terrestrial magnetosheath are investigated based on a global hybrid model and a global geocoronal hydrogen model. Solar wind O6+ ions, which are the primary charge state for oxygen ions in solar wind, are considered. The line emissivity of the charge-exchange-borne O5+ ions is calculated by the Spectral Analysis System for Astrophysical and Laboratory (SASAL). It is found that the emission lines from O5+ range from 105.607 to 118.291 eV with a strong line at 107.047 eV. We then simulate the magnetosheath X-ray emission intensity distributions with a virtual camera at two positions of the north pole and dusk at six stages during the passing of a perpendicular interplanetary shock combined with a tangential discontinuity structure through the Earth\u2019s magnetosphere. During this process, the X-ray emission intensity increases with time, and the maximum value is 27.11 keV cm\u22122 s\u22121 sr\u22121 on the dayside, which is 4.5 times that before the solar wind structure reached the Earth. A clear shock structure can be seen in the magnetosheath and moves earthward. The maximum emission intensity seen at dusk is always higher than that seen at the north pole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16091480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T08:08:27Z","timestamp":1713859707000},"page":"1480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Solar Wind Charge-Exchange X-ray Emissions from the O5+ Ions in the Earth\u2019s Magnetosheath"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0542-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ068i005p01233","article-title":"The distant geomagnetic field: 3. 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