{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T06:42:32Z","timestamp":1776321752876,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80 NSSC 23 M 0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80 NSSC 23 M 0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA21SEC4810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA21SEC4810004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Education, Educational Partnership Program with Minority-Serving Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80 NSSC 23 M 0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80 NSSC 23 M 0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000192","name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Education, Educational Partnership Program with Minority-Serving Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA21SEC4810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA21SEC4810004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Education\u2019s Title III funds Bethune\u2013Cookman University for the ADAPT-EI program","award":["80 NSSC 23 M 0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80 NSSC 23 M 0053"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education\u2019s Title III funds Bethune\u2013Cookman University for the ADAPT-EI program","award":["NA21SEC4810004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA21SEC4810004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hurricanes Ian and Nicole caused devastating destruction across Florida in September and November 2022, leaving widespread damage in their wakes. This study focuses on the assessment of barrier islands\u2019 shorelines, encompassing natural sand dunes and dune vegetation as well as armored dunes with man-made infrastructure such as seawalls. High-resolution satellite imagery from Planet was used to assess the impacts of these hurricanes on the beach shorelines of Volusia, Flagler, and St. Johns Counties on the Florida Central East Coast. Shorefront vegetation was classified into two classes. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were calculated before the hurricanes, one month after Hurricane Ian, one month after Hurricane Nicole, and one-year post landfall. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) was incorporated to calculate vertical changes in the shorelines before and after the hurricanes. The results suggest that natural sand dunes were more resilient as they experienced less impact to vegetation and elevation and more substantial recovery than armored dunes. Moreover, the close timeframe of the storm events suggests a compound effect on the weakened dune systems. This study highlights the importance of understanding natural dune resilience to facilitate future adaptive management efforts because armored dunes may have long-term detrimental effects on hurricane-prone barrier islands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16091557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T04:26:16Z","timestamp":1714364776000},"page":"1557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Data-Driven Assessment of the Impact of Hurricanes Ian and Nicole: Natural and Armored Dunes in the Aftermath of Hurricanes on Florida\u2019s Central East Coast"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4914-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly M.","family":"San Antonio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Environmental Science, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5990-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Burow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meteorology Program, Applied Aviation Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4962-3033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Jung","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Environmental Science, Bethune-Cookman University, 640 Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune Blvd, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geospatial Science and Human Security Division, Remote Sensing Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, UT-Battelle, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0264-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meteorology Program, Applied Aviation Sciences Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 1 Aerospace Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2338-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah V.","family":"Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Sustainability, University of Tennessee, 1000 Philip Fulmer Way, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5234-4_19","article-title":"Erosion and management in coastal dunes","volume":"1000","author":"Marcomini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Coast. 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