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The occurrence of magnesium sulfate and mixed cationic sulfates preserves clues regarding the sedimentary environment, hydrological processes, and climate history of ancient Mars. In this study, seven magnesium sulfate double salts were synthesized in the laboratory using a high-temperature solid phase reaction or slow evaporation of aqueous solutions. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction to confirm their phase and homogeneity. Subsequently, the Raman, mid-infrared spectra, and visible near-infrared spectra of these samples were collected and analyzed. Our results showed that the spectra of the analyzed magnesium sulfate double salts exhibited distinctive spectral features. These laboratory results may provide new insights for the identification of various magnesium sulfate double salts on Mars during the interpretation of in situ data collected by Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC), SuperCam, and the ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS). In addition, the MIR and VNIR spectra features obtained in this study provide an improved reference and spectra library for decipherment of data sourced from the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and Mars Mineralogical Spectrometer (MMS).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16091592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T08:14:31Z","timestamp":1714464871000},"page":"1592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spectroscopy of Magnesium Sulfate Double Salts and Their Implications for Mars Exploration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Erbin","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"}]},{"given":"Ruize","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaojia","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3702-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanqing","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"}]},{"given":"Enming","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9260-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongcheng","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1126\/science.194.4271.1288","article-title":"Mineralogic and Petrologic Implications of Viking Geochemical Results from Mars: Interim Report","volume":"194","author":"Baird","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02973","article-title":"Magnesium Sulphate Salts and the History of Water on Mars","volume":"431","author":"Vaniman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022JE007504","DOI":"10.1029\/2022JE007504","article-title":"Groundwater-Controlled Deposition of Equatorial Layered Deposits in Central Arabia Terra, Mars","volume":"128","author":"Schmidt","year":"2023","journal-title":"JGR Planets"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109509","article-title":"Spectral Reflectance and Morphologic Correlations in Eastern Terra Meridiani, Mars","volume":"307","author":"Arvidson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109087","article-title":"Sulfates in Martian Layered Terrains: The OMEGA\/Mars Express View","volume":"307","author":"Gendrin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1130\/G22678A.1","article-title":"Crystal Molds on Mars: Melting of a Possible New Mineral Species to Create Martian Chaotic Terrain","volume":"34","author":"Peterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2007.10.021","article-title":"Spectral and Geological Study of the Sulfate-Rich Region of West Candor Chasma, Mars","volume":"194","author":"Mangold","year":"2008","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008JE003245","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JE003245","article-title":"Testing Evidence of Recent Hydration State Change in Sulfates on Mars","volume":"114","author":"Roach","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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