{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:47:41Z","timestamp":1774615661935,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42230612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230612"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023BHR-Z03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BHR-Z03"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022CFD123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFD123"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2023AFD095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFD095"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022LASW-B19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LASW-B19"]}]},{"name":"Open Project Fund of China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory","award":["42230612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230612"]}]},{"name":"Open Project Fund of China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory","award":["2023BHR-Z03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BHR-Z03"]}]},{"name":"Open Project Fund of China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory","award":["2022CFD123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFD123"]}]},{"name":"Open Project Fund of China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory","award":["2023AFD095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFD095"]}]},{"name":"Open Project Fund of China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory","award":["2022LASW-B19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LASW-B19"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","award":["42230612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230612"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","award":["2023BHR-Z03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BHR-Z03"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022CFD123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFD123"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","award":["2023AFD095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFD095"]}]},{"name":"Joint Fund of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022LASW-B19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LASW-B19"]}]},{"name":"Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","award":["42230612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42230612"]}]},{"name":"Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","award":["2023BHR-Z03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023BHR-Z03"]}]},{"name":"Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","award":["2022CFD123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFD123"]}]},{"name":"Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","award":["2023AFD095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFD095"]}]},{"name":"Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","award":["2022LASW-B19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022LASW-B19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study assesses the simulated precipitation and cloud properties using three microphysics schemes (Morrison, Thompson and MY) implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The precipitation, differential reflectivity (ZDR), specific differential phase (KDP) and mass-weighted mean diameter of raindrops (Dm) are compared with measurements from a heavy rainfall event that occurred on 27 June 2020 during the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment (IMFRE). The results indicate that all three microphysics schemes generally capture the characteristics of rainfall, ZDR, KDP and Dm, but tend to overestimate their intensity. To enhance the model performance, adjustments are made based on the MY scheme, which exhibited the best performance. Specifically, the overall coalescence and collision parameter (Ec) is reduced, which effectively decreases Dm and makes it more consistent with observations. Generally, reducing Ec leads to an increase in the simulated content (Qr) and number concentration (Nr) of raindrops across most time steps and altitudes. With a smaller Ec, the impact of microphysical processes on Nr and Qr varies with time and altitude. Generally, the autoconversion of droplets to raindrops primarily contributes to Nr, while the accretion of cloud droplets by raindrops plays a more significant role in increasing Qr. In this study, it is emphasized that even if the precipitation characteristics could be adequately reproduced, accurately simulating microphysical characteristics remains challenging and it still needs adjustments in the most physically based parameterizations to achieve more accurate simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16091636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T09:39:47Z","timestamp":1714729187000},"page":"1636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Evaluation and Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization for a Heavy Rainfall Process during the Meiyu Season"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhimin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-1138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muyun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China"}]},{"given":"Zhaoping","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Hubei Lightning Protection Center, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Yinglian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Meteorological Administration Basin Heavy Rainfall Key Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rain Monitoring and Warning Research, Institute of Heavy Rain, China Meteorological Administration, Wuhan 430205, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2151\/jmsj1965.65.6_885","article-title":"Forecast experiment of a long-lived meso-\u03b1-scale convective system in Baiu frontal zone","volume":"65","author":"Ninomiya","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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