{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:49:34Z","timestamp":1784918974733,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Academy of Finland","award":["336145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336145"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland","award":["349229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["349229"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland","award":["SKL2023KF40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL2023KF40"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland","award":["23PJ1414800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23PJ1414800"]}]},{"name":"Academy of Finland","award":["22-ZZCX-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-ZZCX-07"]}]},{"name":"Open Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology","award":["336145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336145"]}]},{"name":"Open Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology","award":["349229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["349229"]}]},{"name":"Open Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology","award":["SKL2023KF40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL2023KF40"]}]},{"name":"Open Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology","award":["23PJ1414800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23PJ1414800"]}]},{"name":"Open Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology","award":["22-ZZCX-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-ZZCX-07"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pu Jiang Program","award":["336145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336145"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pu Jiang Program","award":["349229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["349229"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pu Jiang Program","award":["SKL2023KF40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL2023KF40"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pu Jiang Program","award":["23PJ1414800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23PJ1414800"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pu Jiang Program","award":["22-ZZCX-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-ZZCX-07"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Projects of National University of Defense Technology","award":["336145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["336145"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Projects of National University of Defense Technology","award":["349229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["349229"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Projects of National University of Defense Technology","award":["SKL2023KF40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL2023KF40"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Projects of National University of Defense Technology","award":["23PJ1414800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23PJ1414800"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Projects of National University of Defense Technology","award":["22-ZZCX-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-ZZCX-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) has been utilized as an efficacious technique in object classification and recognition based on its unique capability to obtain ranges and spectra synchronously. Different kinds of HSL prototypes with varied structures have been promoted and measured its performance. However, almost all of these HSL prototypes employ complex and large spectroscopic devices, such as an Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter and Liquid-Crystal Tunable Filter, which makes this HSL system bulky and expensive, and then hinders its extensive application in many fields. In this paper, a smart and smaller spectroscopic component, an intergraded optical filter (IOF), is promoted to miniaturize these HSL systems. The system calibration, range precision, and spectral profile experiments were carried out to test the HSL prototype. Although the IOF employed here only covered a wavelength range of 699\u2013758 nm with a six-channel passband and showed a transmittance of less than 50%, the HSL prototype showed excellent performance in ranging and spectral profile collecting. The spectral profiles collected are well in accordance with those acquired based on the AOTF. The spectral profiles of the fruits, vegetables, plants, and ore samples collected by the HSL based on an IOF can effectively reveal the status of the plants, the component materials, and ore species. Finally, we also showed the integrated design of the HSL based on a three-dimensional IOF and combined with a detector. The performance and designs of this HSL system based on an IOF show great potential for miniaturizing in some specific applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16091642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T13:27:00Z","timestamp":1715002020000},"page":"1642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Miniaturizing Hyperspectral Lidar System Employing Integrated Optical Filters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haibin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception Chinese Academy Science (CAS), Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy Science (CAS), Shanghai 200043, China"},{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6624-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaowei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception Chinese Academy Science (CAS), Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy Science (CAS), Shanghai 200043, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception Chinese Academy Science (CAS), Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy Science (CAS), Shanghai 200043, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4366-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peilun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haima","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Measurement and Information Engineering, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Karjalnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Hyypp\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0148-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2006.888848","article-title":"Toward Hyperspectral Lidar: Measurement of Spectral Backscatter Intensity With a Supercontinuum Laser Source","volume":"4","author":"Kaasalainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. 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