{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:08:18Z","timestamp":1771664898381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["91737205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91737205"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)","award":["G2022055010L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022055010L"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China project","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China project","award":["91737205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91737205"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China project","award":["2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China project","award":["G2022055010L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022055010L"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative","award":["91737205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91737205"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative","award":["2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative","award":["G2022055010L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022055010L"]}]},{"name":"MOST High Level Foreign Expert Program","award":["2019QZKK0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019QZKK0103"]}]},{"name":"MOST High Level Foreign Expert Program","award":["91737205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91737205"]}]},{"name":"MOST High Level Foreign Expert Program","award":["2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"MOST High Level Foreign Expert Program","award":["G2022055010L"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022055010L"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate and continuous estimation of surface albedo is vital for assessing and understanding land\u2013surface\u2013atmosphere interactions. We developed a method for estimating instantaneous all-sky at-surface shortwave upwelling radiance and albedo over the Tibetan Plateau. The method accounts for the complex interplay of topography and atmospheric interactions and aims to mitigate the occurrence of data gaps. Employing an RTLSR-kernel-driven model, we retrieved surface shortwave albedo with a 1 km resolution, incorporating direct, isotropic diffuse; circumsolar diffuse; and surrounding terrain irradiance into the all-sky solar surface irradiance. The at-surface upwelling radiance and surface shortwave albedo estimates were in satisfactory agreement with ground observations at four stations in the Tibetan Plateau, with RMSE values of 56.5 W\/m2 and 0.0422, 67.6 W\/m2 and 0.0545, 98.6 W\/m2 and 0.0992, and 78.0 98.6 W\/m2 and 0.639. This comparison indicated an improved accuracy of at-surface upwelling radiance and surface albedo and significantly reduced data gaps. Valid observations increased substantially in comparison to the MCD43A2 data product, with the new method achieving an increase ranging from 40% to 200% at the four stations. Our study demonstrates that by integrating terrain, cloud properties, and radiative transfer modeling, the accuracy and completeness of retrieved surface albedo and radiance in complex terrains can be effectively improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16101723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T08:33:03Z","timestamp":1715589183000},"page":"1723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Retrieval of At-Surface Upwelling Radiance and Albedo by Parameterizing Cloud Scattering and Transmittance over Rugged Terrain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Junru","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Menenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-8645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6588-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-4627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anlun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dali National Climate Observatory, Dali 671003, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Jiao, Z., Zhao, C., Qu, Y., Liu, Q., Zhang, H., Tong, Y., Wang, C., Li, S., and Guo, J. (2022). Review of Land Surface Albedo: Variance Characteristics, Climate Effect and Management Strategy. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14061382"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Land Surface Processes and Climate\u2014Surface Albedos and Energy Balance","volume":"Volume 25","author":"Saltzman","year":"1983","journal-title":"Theory of Climate, Proceedings of a Symposium Commemorating the Two-Hundredth Anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1029\/RG021i008p01743","article-title":"Surface albedo data for climatic modeling","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2013.805262","article-title":"A long-term Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) data-set for environmental studies","volume":"6","author":"Liang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)00062-R","article-title":"Land processes in climate models","volume":"51","author":"Dickinson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(94)00061-Q","article-title":"Remote sensing of the land surface for studies of global change: Models\u2014Algorithms\u2014Experiments","volume":"51","author":"Sellers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2023.104312","article-title":"Comprehensive study of energy and water exchange over the Tibetan Plateau: A review and perspective: From GAME\/Tibet and CAMP\/Tibet to TORP, TPEORP, and TPEITORP","volume":"237","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, X., Wen, J., Liu, Q., You, D., Wu, S., Hao, D., Xiao, Q., Zhang, Z., and Zhang, Z. (2020). Spatiotemporal Variability of Land Surface Albedo over the Tibet Plateau from 2001 to 2019. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12071188"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70100990","article-title":"Mapping Surface Broadband Albedo from Satellite Observations: A Review of Literatures on Algorithms and Products","volume":"7","author":"Qu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00091-3","article-title":"First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS","volume":"83","author":"Schaaf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"42","article-title":"MODIS BRDF\/Albedo Product: Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Version 5.0","volume":"23","author":"Strahler","year":"1999","journal-title":"MODIS Doc."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Y., Schaaf, C.B., Gao, F., Li, X., Strahler, A.H., Lucht, W., and Liang, S. (2003). Consistency of MODIS surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function and albedo retrievals: 1. Algorithm performance. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 108.","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD002803"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"75337","article-title":"Deriving albedo over cloudy areas with composite inversion","volume":"6753","author":"Aijun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-17-2121-2013","article-title":"A statistics-based temporal filter algorithm to map spatiotemporally continuous shortwave albedo from MODIS data","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00089-5","article-title":"Atmospheric correction of MODIS data in the visible to middle infrared: First results","volume":"83","author":"Vermote","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.05.022","article-title":"Development of an approach for generation of temporally complete daily nadir MODIS reflectance time series","volume":"114","author":"Ju","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2006.879545","article-title":"Spectral Normalization and Fusion of Optical Sensors for the Retrieval of BRDF and Albedo: Application to VEGETATION, MODIS, and MERIS Data Sets","volume":"44","author":"Samain","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2009.2038901","article-title":"Temporal Constraints on Linear BRDF Model Parameters","volume":"48","author":"Quaife","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2004.838359","article-title":"Spatially complete global spectral surface albedos: Value-added datasets derived from Terra MODIS land products","volume":"43","author":"Moody","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, D., Wen, J., Xiao, Q., Wu, S., Lin, X., Dou, B., You, D., and Tang, Y. (2018). Simulation and Analysis of the Topographic Effects on Snow-Free Albedo over Rugged Terrain. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020278"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2013.2275072","article-title":"An Improved Method for Retrieving Land Surface Albedo Over Rugged Terrain","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validation of the MCD43A3 Collection 6 and GLASS V04 Snow-Free Albedo Products Over Rugged Terrain","volume":"60","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(90)90096-5","article-title":"Combination of digital elevation models with SPOT-1 HRV multispectral imagery for reflectance factor mapping","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10356","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110356","article-title":"Improved Surface Reflectance from Remote Sensing Data with Sub-Pixel Topographic Information","volume":"6","author":"Roupioz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012270","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/17\/1\/012270","article-title":"Correction of sub-pixel topographical effects on land surface albedo retrieved from geostationary satellite (FengYun-2D) observations","volume":"17","author":"Roupioz","year":"2014","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., and Pinker, R.T. (2012). Modeling shortwave radiative fluxes from satellites. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 117.","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD018332"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1992)031<0194:MSSIFS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Modeling Surface Solar Irradiance for Satellite Applications on a Global Scale","volume":"31","author":"Pinker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-2543-2016","article-title":"Retrieving high-resolution surface solar radiation with cloud parameters derived by combining MODIS and MTSAT data","volume":"16","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Mapping High-Resolution Incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation over Land from Polar-Orbiting and Geostationary Satellite Data","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1984)041<0687:ASPRTI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A Shortwave Parameterization Revised to Improve Cloud Absorption","volume":"41","author":"Stephens","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1989)046<1419:AGPFTS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds","volume":"46","author":"Slingo","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(1998)011<2223:AAPOTI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"An Accurate Parameterization of the Infrared Radiative Properties of Cirrus Clouds for Climate Models","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2004.03.002","article-title":"Simplified atmospheric radiative transfer modelling for estimating incident PAR using MODIS atmosphere products","volume":"91","year":"2004","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2011.577834","article-title":"Estimation of net surface shortwave radiation from MODIS data","volume":"33","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12,180","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD028905","article-title":"Toward a Broadband Parameterization Scheme for Estimating Surface Solar Irradiance: Development and Preliminary Results on MODIS Products","volume":"123","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-092X(86)90104-0","article-title":"A method for the determination of the global solar radiation from meteorological satellite data","volume":"37","author":"Cano","year":"1986","journal-title":"Solar Energy"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(03)00083-X","article-title":"Solar energy assessment using remote sensing technologies","volume":"86","author":"Hammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.02.052","article-title":"Estimation of all-sky instantaneous surface incident shortwave radiation from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data using optimization method","volume":"209","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.04.026","article-title":"Consistent retrieval methods to estimate land surface shortwave and longwave radiative flux components under clear-sky conditions","volume":"124","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2017.09.021","article-title":"MODIS-derived global land products of shortwave radiation and diffuse and total photosynthetically active radiation at 5 km resolution from 2000","volume":"204","author":"Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Zhang, X., Liang, S., Yao, Y., Jia, K., and Jia, A. (2018). Estimating Surface Downward Shortwave Radiation over China Based on the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Method. Remote Sens., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10020185"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, J., Menenti, M., Jia, L., Chen, Q., and Xu, A. (2024). Estimation of All-Sky Solar Irradiance Components over Rugged Terrain Using Satellite and Reanalysis Data: The Tibetan Plateau Experiment. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3399702"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2015.04.0255","article-title":"Black Carbon Aerosols at Mt. Muztagh Ata, a High-Altitude Location in the Western Tibetan Plateau","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, S., Wen, J., Xiao, Q., You, D., Dou, B., Liu, Q., and Tang, Y. (2017). Multi-Staged NDVI Dependent Snow-Free Land-Surface Shortwave Albedo Narrowband-to-Broadband (NTB) Coefficients and Their Sensitivity Analysis. Remote Sens., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9010093"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"2937","article-title":"A long-term (2005\u20132016) dataset of hourly integrated land\u2013atmosphere interaction observations on the Tibetan Plateau. Earth Syst","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-014-4828-1","article-title":"Eddy covariance measurements of water vapor and CO2 fluxes above the Erhai Lake","volume":"58","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.04.008","article-title":"A direct method for estimating net surface shortwave radiation from MODIS data","volume":"103","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaksek, K., O\u0161tir, K., and Kokalj, \u017d. (2011). Sky-View Factor as a Relief Visualization Technique. Remote Sens., 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3020398"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2006.05.012","article-title":"Analytical integrated functions for daily solar radiation on slopes","volume":"139","author":"Allen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1109\/36.581991","article-title":"A physically-based model to correct atmospheric and illumination effects in optical satellite data of rugged terrain","volume":"35","author":"Sandmeier","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1029\/92WR00772","article-title":"Estimating net solar radiation using Landsat Thematic Mapper and digital elevation data","volume":"28","author":"Dubayah","year":"1992","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1109\/36.841980","article-title":"An algorithm for the retrieval of albedo from space using semiempirical BRDF models","volume":"38","author":"Lucht","year":"2000","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-092X(00)00121-3","article-title":"A hybrid model for estimating global solar radiation","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00865507","article-title":"An approach to the estimation of surface net radiation in mountain areas using remote sensing and digital terrain data","volume":"52","author":"Duguay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-3004(81)90026-1","article-title":"Faster solution to the horizon problem","volume":"7","author":"Dozier","year":"1981","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-092X(79)90123-3","article-title":"Calculation of monthly mean solar radiation for horizontal and inclined surfaces","volume":"23","author":"Hay","year":"1979","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"53","article-title":"Development and validation of an advanced model for estimating solar radiation from surface meteorological data","volume":"1","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Recent Dev. Sol. Energy"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1978)035<2123:RPIEWC>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Radiation Profiles in Extended Water Clouds. II: Parameterization Schemes","volume":"35","author":"Stephens","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"3002705","article-title":"Sloping Surface Reflectance: The Best Option for Satellite-Based Albedo Retrieval Over Mountainous Areas","volume":"19","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.03.002","article-title":"Reflectance quantities in optical remote sensing\u2014Definitions and case studies","volume":"103","author":"Schaepman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2012.2208264","article-title":"Analysis of BRDF and Albedo Retrieved by Kernel-Driven Models Using Field Measurements","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21077","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD02371","article-title":"On the derivation of kernels for kernel-driven models of bidirectional reflectance","volume":"100","author":"Wanner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmos."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-018-2663-6","article-title":"Exploiting satellite observations for global surface albedo trends monitoring","volume":"137","author":"Chrysoulakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(00)00205-4","article-title":"Narrowband to broadband conversions of land surface albedo I: Algorithms","volume":"76","author":"Liang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrer, D., Pinault, F., Lellouch, G., Trigo, I.F., Benhadj, I., Camacho, F., Ceamanos, X., Moparthy, S., Munoz-Sabater, J., and Sch\u00fcller, L. (2021). Surface Albedo Retrieval from 40-Years of Earth Observations through the EUMETSAT\/LSA SAF and EU\/C3S Programmes: The Versatile Algorithm of PYALUS. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13030372"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(88)90019-3","article-title":"An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data","volume":"24","author":"Chavez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1080\/014311699211994","article-title":"The use of the empirical line method to calibrate remotely sensed data to reflectance","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6271","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2014.951742","article-title":"Evaluation of atmospheric correction models and Landsat surface reflectance product in an urban coastal environment","volume":"35","author":"Nazeer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilal, M., Nazeer, M., Nichol, J.E., Bleiweiss, M.P., Qiu, Z., J\u00e4kel, E., Campbell, J.R., Atique, L., Huang, X., and Lolli, S. (2019). A Simplified and Robust Surface Reflectance Estimation Method (SREM) for Use over Diverse Land Surfaces Using Multi-Sensor Data. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11111344"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Govaerts, Y.M., Wagner, S., Lattanzio, A., and Watts, P. (2010). Joint retrieval of surface reflectance and aerosol optical depth from MSG\/SEVIRI observations with an optimal estimation approach: 1. Theory. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 115.","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD011779"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"4400312","article-title":"An Optical\u2013Thermal Surface\u2013Atmosphere Radiative Transfer Model Coupling Framework With Topographic Effects","volume":"60","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1109\/36.297978","article-title":"The POLDER Mission: Instrument Characteristics and Scientific Objectives","volume":"32","author":"Deschamps","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1109\/36.700992","article-title":"Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument description and experiment overview","volume":"36","author":"Diner","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI-D-16-0105.1","article-title":"Effect of Yunnan\u2013Guizhou Topography at the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau on the Indian Monsoon","volume":"30","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clim."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5530","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2013.792968","article-title":"Evaluation of the MODIS Albedo product over a heterogeneous agricultural area","volume":"34","author":"Sobrino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2012.02.019","article-title":"Intercomparison of MODIS albedo retrievals and in situ measurements across the global FLUXNET network","volume":"121","author":"Cescatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Cui, L., Dong, Y., Liu, Y., Xi, Q., Cao, H., Chen, L., and Lian, Y. (2023). Enhancing Leaf Area Index Estimation with MODIS BRDF Data by Optimizing Directional Observations and Integrating PROSAIL and Ross\u2013Li Models. Remote Sens., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15235609"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6169","DOI":"10.1029\/2019WR024932","article-title":"Cloud Masking for Landsat 8 and MODIS Terra Over Snow-Covered Terrain: Error Analysis and Spectral Similarity between Snow and Cloud","volume":"55","author":"Stillinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160903130903","article-title":"Scale effect and scale correction of land-surface albedo in rugged terrain","volume":"30","author":"Wen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Hu, B., and Wang, S. (2008, January 7\u201311). Improving Land Surface Pixel Level Albedo Characterization Using Sub-Pixel Information Retrieved from Remote Sensing. Proceedings of the IGARSS 2008\u20142008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IGARSS.2008.4779115"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503505","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2022.3143197","article-title":"Estimating Surface BRDF\/Albedo over Rugged Terrain Using an Extended Multi-Sensor Combined BRDF Inversion (EMCBI) Model","volume":"19","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/10\/1723\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:41:35Z","timestamp":1760107295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/10\/1723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16101723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16101723","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]}}}