{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:06:14Z","timestamp":1760144774644,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"MOST High Level Foreign Expert program","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences President\u2019s International Fellowship Initiative","award":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANSO-CR-KP-2022-02","CBAS2023ORP05","G2022055010L","2020VTA0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The West Sahel is facing significant threats to its vegetation and wildlife due to the land degradation and habitat fragmentation. It is crucial to assess the regional vegetation greenness dynamics in order to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of protection in the natural reserves. This study analyzes the vegetation greenness trends and the driving factors in the Dosso Partial Faunal Reserve in Niger and nearby unprotected regions\u2014one of the most important habitats for endemic African fauna\u2014using satellite time series data from 2001 to 2020. An overall vegetation browning trend was observed throughout the entire region with significant spatial variability. Vegetation browning dominated in the Dosso Reserve with 17.7% of the area showing a significant trend, while the area with significant greening was 6.8%. In a comparison, the nearby unprotected regions to the north and the east were found to be dominated by vegetation browning and greening, respectively. These results suggest that the vegetation protection practice was not fully effective throughout the Dosso Reserve. The dominant drivers were also diagnosed using the Random Forest model-based method and the Partial Dependence Plot tool, showing that water availability (expressed as soil moisture) and land use\/land cover change were the most critical factors affecting vegetation greenness in the study region. Specifically, soil moisture stress and specific land management practices associated with logging, grazing, and land clearing appeared to dominate vegetation browning in the Dosso Reserve. In contrast, the vegetation greening in the central Dosso Reserve and the nearby unprotected region to the east was probably caused by the increase in shrubland\/forest, which was related to the effective implementation of protection. These findings improve our understanding of how regional vegetation greenness dynamics respond to environmental changes in the Dosso Reserve and also highlight the need for more effective conservation planning and implementation to ensure sustainable socio-ecological development in the West Sahel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16101728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T11:18:17Z","timestamp":1715599097000},"page":"1728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrological Factor and Land Use\/Land Cover Change Explain the Vegetation Browning in the Dosso Reserve, Niger"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4294-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yelong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-8645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3510-9829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"given":"Chaolei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9176-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Menenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2825 CN Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-7300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Bennour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Yunzhe","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"IPBES (2019). 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