{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:05:55Z","timestamp":1760144755507,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South Carolina\/NASA EPSCoR Program","award":["#80NSSC19M0050\/521340-SC007","#1654853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#80NSSC19M0050\/521340-SC007","#1654853"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation LTREB Program","award":["#80NSSC19M0050\/521340-SC007","#1654853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#80NSSC19M0050\/521340-SC007","#1654853"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accompanying climate change and sea level rise, tidal marsh mortality in coastal wetlands has been globally observed that urges the documentation of high-resolution, 3D marsh inventory to assist resilience planning. Drone Lidar has proven useful in extracting the fine-scale bare earth terrain and canopy height. Beyond that, this study performed marsh biomass mapping from drone Lidar point cloud in a S. alterniflora-dominated estuary on the Southeast U.S. coast. Three point classes (ground, low-veg, and high-veg) were classified via point cloud deep learning. Considering only vegetation points in the vertical profile, a profile area-weighted height (HPA) was extracted at a grid size of 50 cm \u00d7 50 cm. Vegetation point densities were also extracted at each grid. Adopting the plant-level allometric equations of stem biomass from long-term S. alterniflora surveys, a Lidar biomass index (Lidar_BI) was built to represent the relative quantity of marsh biomass in a range of [0, 1] across the estuary. Compared with the clipped dry biomass samples, it achieved a comparable and slightly better performance (R2 = 0.5) than the commonly applied spectral index approaches (R2 = 0.4) in the same marsh field. This study indicates the feasibility of the drone Lidar point cloud for marsh biomass mapping. More advantageously, the drone Lidar approach yields information on plant community architecture, such as canopy height and plant density distributions, which are key factors in evaluating marsh habitat and its ecological services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T05:40:47Z","timestamp":1716270047000},"page":"1823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Lidar Biomass Index of Tidal Marshes from Drone Lidar Point Cloud"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0306-9535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuizhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0511-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James T.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belle Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Belle Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Sanger, D., and Parker, C. 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Principles and Standards for Measuring Primary Production, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195168662.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2022.108125","article-title":"Effects of small-scale patterns of vegetation structure on suspended sediment concentration and sediment deposition in a salt marsh","volume":"278","author":"Schulze","year":"2022","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/11\/1823\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:45:37Z","timestamp":1760107537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/16\/11\/1823"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["rs16111823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs16111823","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2072-4292"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}}}