{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:41:30Z","timestamp":1776793290378,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Universities, General Secretary of Universities (Government of Spain)","award":["FPU21\/03022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU21\/03022"]}]},{"name":"University of Le\u00f3n","award":["FPU21\/03022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU21\/03022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The European Mediterranean Basin (Euro-Med), a region particularly vulnerable to global warming, notably lacks research aimed at assessing and enhancing the widely used remote climate detection products known as General Circulation Models (GCMs). In this study, the proficiency of GCMs in replicating reanalyzed 1981\u20132010 temperature data sourced from the ERA5 Land was assessed. Initially, the least data-modifying interpolation method for achieving a resolution match of 0.1\u00b0 was ascertained. Subsequently, a pixel-by-pixel evaluation was conducted, employing five goodness-of-fit metrics. From these metrics, we compiled a Comprehensive Rating Index (CRI). A Multi-Model Ensemble using Random Forest was constructed and projected across three emission scenarios (SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP2-RCP4.5, and SSP5-RCP8.5) and timeframes (2026\u20132050, 2051\u20132075, and 2076\u20132100). Empirical Bayesian Kriging, selected for its minimal data alteration, supersedes the commonly employed Bilinear Interpolation. The evaluation results underscore MPI-ESM1-2-HR, GFDL-ESM4, CNRM-CM6-1, MRI-ESM2-0, CNRM-ESM2-1, and IPSL-CM6A-LR as top-performing models. Noteworthy geospatial disparities in model performance were observed. The projection outcomes, notably divergent from IPCC forecasts, revealed a warming trend of 1 to over 2 \u00b0C less than anticipated for spring and winter over the medium\u2013long term, juxtaposed with heightened warming in mountainous\/elevated regions. These findings could substantially refine temperature projections for the Euro-Med, facilitating the implementation of policy strategies to mitigate the effects of global warming in vulnerable regions worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T06:54:09Z","timestamp":1716360849000},"page":"1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unveiling Deviations from IPCC Temperature Projections through Bayesian Downscaling and Assessment of CMIP6 General Circulation Models in a Climate-Vulnerable Region"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1703-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni-Breog\u00e1n","family":"Ferreiro-Lera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5614-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Penas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0733-2150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"del R\u00edo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Le\u00f3n, Campus de Vegazana s\/n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Mountain Livestock Institute (CSIC-ULE), Le\u00f3n-Vega de Infanzones Road (Finca Marzanas-Grulleros), 24346 Le\u00f3n, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1611350","article-title":"The Discovery of Rapid Climate Change","volume":"56","author":"Weart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phys. 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