{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:01:03Z","timestamp":1775811663701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-17-00097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-17-00097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-17-00087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-17-00087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FMWE-2024-0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMWE-2024-0017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"state task of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology","award":["22-17-00097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-17-00097"]}]},{"name":"state task of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology","award":["23-17-00087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-17-00087"]}]},{"name":"state task of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology","award":["FMWE-2024-0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FMWE-2024-0017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The duration of ice-free periods in different parts of the Arctic Ocean plays a great role in processes in the climate system and defines the most comfortable sea ice conditions for economic activity. Based on satellite-derived sea ice concentration data acquired by passive microwave instruments, we identified the spatial distribution of the dates of sea ice retreat (DOR), dates of sea ice advance (DOA), and the resulting ice-free period duration (IFP) between these days for the Kara and Laptev seas during 1979\u20132022. The monthly decline in sea ice extent was detected from June to October in both seas, i.e., during the whole ice-free period. The annual mean sea ice extent during 2011\u20132021 decreased by 19.0% and 12.8% relative to the long-term average during 1981\u20132010 in the Kara and Laptev seas, respectively. The statistically significant (95% confidence level) positive IFP trends were detected for the majority of areas of the Kara and Laptev seas. Averaged IFP trends were estimated equal to +20.2 day\/decade and +16.2 day\/decade, respectively. The observed DOR tendency to earlier sea ice melting plays a greater role in the total IFP extension, as compared to later sea ice formation related to the DOA tendency. We reveal that regions of inflow of warm Atlantic waters to the Kara Sea demonstrate the largest long-term trends in DOA, DOR, and IFP associated with the decrease in ice coverage, that highlights the process of atlantification. Also, the Great Siberian Polynya in the Laptev Sea is the area of the largest long-term decreasing trend in DOR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T06:59:04Z","timestamp":1716533944000},"page":"1875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Decline in Ice Coverage and Ice-Free Period Extension in the Kara and Laptev Seas during 1979\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3914-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Shabanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovsky Avenue, Moscow 117997, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6659-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Osadchiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 36 Nakhimovsky Avenue, Moscow 117997, Russia"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Shabanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geoecology of the North, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4002-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanislav","family":"Ogorodov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Geoecology of the North, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007GL031972","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL031972","article-title":"Accelerated Decline in the Arctic Sea Ice Cover","volume":"35","author":"Comiso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. 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