{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:22:07Z","timestamp":1779916927507,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"EXCELSIOR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["857510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["857510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we present comprehensive climatologies of effective ultraviolet (UV) quantities and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) over Cyprus for the period 2004 to 2023, leveraging the synergy of earth observation (EO) data and radiative transfer model simulations. The EO dataset, encompassing satellite and reanalysis data for aerosols, total ozone column, and water vapor, alongside cloud modification factors, captures the nuanced dynamics of Cyprus\u2019s atmospheric conditions. With a temporal resolution of 15 min and a spatial of 0.05\u00b0 \u00d7 0.05\u00b0, these climatologies undergo rigorous validation against established satellite datasets and are further evaluated through comparisons with ground-based global horizontal irradiance measurements provided by the Meteorological Office of Cyprus. This dual-method validation approach not only underscores the models\u2019 accuracy but also highlights its proficiency in capturing intra-daily cloud coverage variations. Our analysis extends to investigating the long-term trends of these solar radiation quantities, examining their interplay with changes in cloud attenuation, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and total ozone column (TOC). Significant decreasing trends in the noon ultraviolet index (UVI), ranging from \u22122 to \u22124% per decade, have been found in autumn, especially marked in the island\u2019s northeastern part, mainly originating from the (significant) positive trends in TOC. The significant decreasing trends in TOC, of \u22122 to \u22123% per decade, which were found in spring, do not result in correspondingly significant positive trends in the noon UVI since variations in cloudiness and aerosols also have a strong impact on the UVI in this season. The seasonal trends in the day light integral (DLI) were generally not significant. These insights provide a valuable foundation for further studies aimed at developing public health strategies and enhancing agricultural productivity, highlighting the critical importance of accurate and high-resolution climatological data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T08:30:22Z","timestamp":1716539422000},"page":"1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Twenty-Year Climatology of Solar UV and PAR in Cyprus: Integrating Satellite Earth Observations with Radiative Transfer Modeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3009-2407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Fragkos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence, Fragklinou Rousvelt 82, 3012 Limassol, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1511-0603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilias","family":"Fountoulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens (IAASARS\/NOA), GR15236 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology, Academy of Athens, GR10679 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2161-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Charalampous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence, Fragklinou Rousvelt 82, 3012 Limassol, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering & Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8000-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyriakoula","family":"Papachristopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens (IAASARS\/NOA), GR15236 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argyro","family":"Nisantzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence, Fragklinou Rousvelt 82, 3012 Limassol, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering & Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diofantos","family":"Hadjimitsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence, Fragklinou Rousvelt 82, 3012 Limassol, Cyprus"},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering & Geomatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1031-0216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stelios","family":"Kazadzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center (PMOD\/WRC), 7260 Davos, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Liou, K.-N. 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