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moderate-sized earthquakes. Given that the Sichuan Basin is situated within a stable interior block, the focal mechanism of the 2019 earthquake sequence (ML4.7, ML5.4, and ML5.2) in the Weiyuan-Rongxian area remains a subject of debate. In this study, we propose a joint InSAR- and PCA- based inversion method utilizing the distributed Mogi model to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of a gas reservoir and evaluate the induced Coulomb stress change. The surface deformation derived from Sentinel-1 data between 2015 and 2021 was consistent with the spatial distribution of production wells, and it correlated with the temporal changes in reservoir volume associated with the shale gas operating process. The Coulomb stress loading on the regional faults suggests that human activities associated with shale gas operation likely triggered the three moderate earthquakes. Furthermore, our results indicate Coulomb stress loadings of 10 kPa, 15 kPa, 5 kPa, 3 kPa, and 87 kPa on the Dongxingchang fault, Gaoqiao fault, Dayaokou fault, Niujingao fault, and Lijiachang fold, respectively. Consequently, fluid injection and extraction during shale gas development could be contributing to the elevated seismic activity in the Weiyuan-Rongxian area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T10:12:27Z","timestamp":1716804747000},"page":"1929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["InSAR- and PCA-Based Inversion Reveals the Surface Deformation and Earthquake Sequence in the Weiyuan-Rongxian Shale Gas Field"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7294-8229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7507-1830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Geoscience Centre, Geological Survey of Canada, 9860 W. Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada"},{"name":"School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafiee, M., Soliman, M.Y., and Pirayesh, E. (2012, January 8\u201310). Hydraulic Fracturing Design and Optimization: A Modification to Zipper Frac. Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.2118\/159786-MS"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2017.05.019","article-title":"Fluid Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracturing: A Review","volume":"156","author":"Osiptsov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pet. Sci. 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