{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T17:30:40Z","timestamp":1783186240940,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001858","name":"Sweden\u2019s Innovation Agency Vinnova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-00041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-00041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A key feature for urban digital twins (DTs) is an automatically generated detailed 3D representation of the built and unbuilt environment from aerial imagery, footprints, LiDAR, or a fusion of these. Such 3D models have applications in architecture, civil engineering, urban planning, construction, real estate, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and many other areas. While the visualization of large-scale data in conjunction with the generated 3D models is often a recurring and resource-intensive task, an automated workflow is complex, requiring many steps to achieve a high-quality visualization. Methods for building reconstruction approaches have come a long way, from previously manual approaches to semi-automatic or automatic approaches. This paper aims to complement existing methods of 3D building generation. First, we present a literature review covering different options for procedural context generation and visualization methods, focusing on workflows and data pipelines. Next, we present a semi-automated workflow that extends the building reconstruction pipeline to include procedural context generation using Python and Unreal Engine. Finally, we propose a workflow for integrating various types of large-scale urban analysis data for visualization. We conclude with a series of challenges faced in achieving such pipelines and the limitations of the current approach. However, the steps for a complete, end-to-end solution involve further developing robust systems for building detection, rooftop recognition, and geometry generation and importing and visualizing data in the same 3D environment, highlighting a need for further research and development in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T07:38:39Z","timestamp":1716881919000},"page":"1939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Towards Urban Digital Twins: A Workflow for Procedural Visualization Using Geospatial Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8561-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Somanath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3485-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilis","family":"Naserentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orfeas","family":"Eleftheriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sj\u00f6lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Economics and IT, Division of Informatics, University West, 461 32 Trollh\u00e4ttan, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"W\u00e4stberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Logg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2148\/benv.46.4.547","article-title":"Digital Twins for Cities: A State of the Art Review","volume":"46","author":"Ketzler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2148\/benv.46.4.501","article-title":"City Information Modelling: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Practice in Digital Urban Planning","volume":"46","author":"Gil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Built Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logg, A., Mardal, K.A., and Wells, G. 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