{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:07:42Z","timestamp":1760144862077,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["353082","321890","331829","359196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["353082","321890","331829","359196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Council of Finland projects ADAFUME","award":["353082","321890","331829","359196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["353082","321890","331829","359196"]}]},{"name":"CitySpot","award":["353082","321890","331829","359196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["353082","321890","331829","359196"]}]},{"name":"Research Council of Finland\u2019s Finnish Flagship Programme FAME","award":["353082","321890","331829","359196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["353082","321890","331829","359196"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents a method within a Bayesian framework for quantifying uncertainty in satellite aerosol remote sensing when retrieving aerosol optical depth (AOD). By using a Bayesian model averaging technique, we take into account uncertainty in aerosol optical model selection and also obtain a shared inference about AOD based on the best-fitting optical models. In particular, uncertainty caused by forward-model approximations has been taken into account in the AOD retrieval process to obtain a more realistic uncertainty estimate. We evaluated a model discrepancy, i.e., forward-model uncertainty, empirically by exploiting the residuals of model fits and using a Gaussian process to characterise the discrepancy. We illustrate the method with examples using observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. We evaluated the results against ground-based remote sensing aerosol data from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16111945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T13:32:55Z","timestamp":1716903175000},"page":"1945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Bayesian Framework to Quantify Uncertainty in Aerosol Optical Model Selection Applied to TROPOMI Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1000-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anu","family":"Kauppi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Kukkurainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6902-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Lipponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5914-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9220-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti","family":"Arola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9202-906X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannakaisa","family":"Lindqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3095-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Tamminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560 Helsinki, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-4699-2015","article-title":"Known and unknown unknowns: Uncertainty estimation in satellite remote sensing","volume":"8","author":"Povey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. 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