{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:09:11Z","timestamp":1760144951650,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Laboratory Stability Support Program","award":["HTKJ2022KL504015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HTKJ2022KL504015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For synthetic aperture microwave radiometers, the problem of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is becoming more and more serious, which affects both the scientific retrieval of remote sensing data and the imaging quality of brightness temperature (BT) images. In the visibility data domain, the array factor synthesis algorithm is commonly employed to mitigate RFI sources and their Gibbs trailing. In the BT image domain, the CLEAN algorithm is typical applied to mitigate RFI sources and their Gibbs trailing. However, the array factor synthesis algorithm can result in anomalous BT points near the \u201czero trap\u201d region, and the CLEAN algorithm will miss some BT points below a certain threshold. In this paper, a Bi-domain combined mitigation algorithm is proposed to mitigate RFI sources and their Gibbs trailing. Following initial mitigation in the visibility data domain, dual thresholds are applied to normalize anomalous BT points near the \u201czero trap\u201d region, thereby enhancing imaging quality. The effectiveness of the Bi-domain combined mitigation algorithm is verified by using both measured data from SMOS L1A and simulated data. The experimental results demonstrate that the Bi-domain combined mitigation algorithm is superior to the array factor synthesis algorithm and the CLEAN algorithm in mitigating RFI sources and their Gibbs trailing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16112013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T12:19:46Z","timestamp":1717417186000},"page":"2013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation in Data and Image Bi-Domains for an Aperture Synthesis Radiometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lehui","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haofeng","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology, Xi\u2019an 710100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/2013RS005230","article-title":"Microwave interferometric radiometry in remote sensing: An invited historical review","volume":"49","author":"LeVine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Le Vine, D.M., and Swift, C.T. 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