{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T04:00:43Z","timestamp":1783396843581,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jilin Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["20230201036GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230201036GX"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["62105331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62105331"]}]},{"name":"Jilin Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["62275114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62275114"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["20230201036GX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230201036GX"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["62105331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62105331"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["62275114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62275114"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil moisture strongly interferes with the spectra of soil organic matter (SOM) in the near-infrared region, which reduces the correlation between organic matter and spectra and decreases accuracy in the prediction of SOM. In this study, we explored the feasibility of two types of spectral indices, two- and three-band mixed (SI) and three-band spectral indices (SI3), and two water removal algorithms, direct standardization (DS) and external parameter orthogonalization (EPO), to estimate SOM in wet soils using a total of 192 soil samples at six water content gradients. The estimation accuracies of spectral indices combined with water removal algorithms were better than those of full spectral data combined with water removal algorithms: the prediction accuracies of SI-EPO (R2 = 0.735, RMSEp = 3.4102 g\/kg) were higher than those of EPO (R2 = 0.63, RMSEp = 4.1021 g\/kg), and those of SI-DS (R2 = 0.70, RMSEp = 3.7085 g\/kg) were higher than those of DS (R2 = 0.61, RMSEp = 4.2806 g\/kg); SI3-EPO (R2 = 0.752, RMSEp = 3.1344 g\/kg) was better than SI-EPO; both EPO and DS effectively mitigated the influence of soil moisture, with EPO demonstrating superior performance in small-sample prediction scenarios. This study introduces a novel approach to counteract the impact of soil moisture on SOM estimation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T10:43:42Z","timestamp":1717757022000},"page":"2065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estimation of Soil Organic Matter Based on Spectral Indices Combined with Water Removal Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuteng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"},{"name":"Center of Materials Science and Optoelectrics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-022-03381-y","article-title":"Transformation of soil organic matter subjected to environmental disturbance and preservation of organic matter bound to soil minerals: A review","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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