{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:10:15Z","timestamp":1760145015143,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Innovation, Industry, Tourism, and Trade of the Regional Government of Cantabria","award":["2016\/INN\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/INN\/25"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The conservation of Cultural Heritage in cave environments, especially those hosting cave art, requires comprehensive conservation strategies to mitigate degradation risks derived from climatic influences and human activities. This study, focused on the Polychrome Hall of the Cave of Altamira, highlights the importance of integrating remote sensing methodologies to carry out effective conservation actions. By coupling a georeferenced Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with a 1.6 GHz central-frequency antenna along with photogrammetry, we conducted non-invasive and high-resolution 3D studies to map preferential moisture pathways from the surface of the ceiling to the first 50 cm internally of the limestone structure. In parallel, we monitored the dynamics of surface water on the Ceiling and its correlation with pigment and other substance migrations. By standardizing our methodology, we aim to increase knowledge about the dynamics of infiltration water, which will enhance our understanding of the deterioration processes affecting cave paintings related to infiltration water. This will enable us to improve conservation strategies, suggesting possible indirect measures to reverse active deterioration processes. Integrating remote sensing techniques with geospatial analysis will aid in the validation and calibration of collected data, allowing for stronger interpretations of subsurface structures and conditions. All of this puts us in a position to contribute to the development of effective conservation methodologies, reduce alteration risks, and promote sustainable development practices, thus emphasizing the importance of remote sensing in safeguarding Cultural Heritage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T08:59:06Z","timestamp":1718009946000},"page":"2099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Remote Sensing and Environmental Monitoring Analysis of Pigment Migrations in Cave of Altamira\u2019s Prehistoric Paintings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-7995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicente","family":"Bayarri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GIM Geomatics, S.L. C\/Conde Torreanaz 8, 39300 Torrelavega, Spain"},{"name":"Polytechnic School, Universidad Europea del Atl\u00e1ntico, Parque Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico de Cantabria, C\/Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S\/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1488-2764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera, s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"De Las Heras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S\/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Fat\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museo Nacional y Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Altamira, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, S\/N, 39330 Santillana del Mar, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco, and de Guichen, G. 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