{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:10:09Z","timestamp":1760145009834,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China","award":["D2024205003","42375078","42205079","L2021B27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D2024205003","42375078","42205079","L2021B27"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D2024205003","42375078","42205079","L2021B27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D2024205003","42375078","42205079","L2021B27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science Foundation of Hebei Normal University","award":["D2024205003","42375078","42205079","L2021B27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D2024205003","42375078","42205079","L2021B27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Progress in numerical models and improved computational capabilities have significantly advanced our comprehension of how aerosol particles impact thunderstorm clouds. Yet, much of this research has focused on employing bulk microphysics models to explain the impacts of aerosol particles acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on electrical activities in thunderstorm clouds. The bulk thunderstorm models use mean sizes of particles and terminal-fall velocities. This causes calculation deviation in the electrification simulation, which in turn leads to deviations in the simulation of lightning processes. Developing this further, we established a three-dimensional high-resolution cloud\u2013aerosol bin thunderstorm model with electrification and lightning to provide more accurate microphysics and dynamic fields for studying electrical activities. For evaluating the impacts of aerosol particles, specifically CCN, on the properties of continental thunderclouds, aerosols from both clean and polluted continental environments were selected. Cloud simulations indicate that droplets develop a narrower spectrum in polluted continental conditions, and weakened ice crystal growth increases the number of small ice crystals compared to clean conditions. Smaller droplets and ice crystals result in less effective riming and decreased graupel concentration and mass. Consequently, a significant decrease in large ice particles leads to a weakened process of charge separation under conditions of pollution. As a direct result, there is about a 43% reduction in lightning frequency and a delay of approximately 5 min in the lightning process under polluted conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T11:58:58Z","timestamp":1718107138000},"page":"2117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Preliminary Application of Spectral Microphysics in Numerical Study of the Effects of Aerosol Particles on Thunderstorm Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"},{"name":"Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}]},{"given":"Ji ming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Management College, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Wan shun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Meteorological Service, Zhengzhou 450003, China"}]},{"given":"Fu xing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"},{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"},{"name":"Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change, Shijiazhuang 050024, China"}]},{"given":"Tian yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8666-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms (LACS), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RG2001","DOI":"10.1029\/2011RG000369","article-title":"Impact of aerosols on convective clouds and precipitation","volume":"50","author":"Tao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. 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