{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:29:09Z","timestamp":1764588549316,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent","award":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Research &amp; Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province","award":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52201399","2021M701713","20220ZB245","KYCX23_0511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Challenges have been observed in the traditional circumferential-scanning LiDAR underwater to balance between the detection range and the sealing performance. To tackle these challenges, a new scanning unit is presented in this paper, employing a pyramidal-shaped reflector for enhanced performance. Furthermore, an innovative magneto\u2013electric detection module comprising Hall switches and magnetic rings is introduced. It can facilitate the accurate identification of the reflector\u2019s edge, thereby enhancing the precision of the target-orientation detection. A rapid target orientation coding method based on split-frequency clocks is proposed on FPGAs. It can output the target\u2019s initial and termination orientation codes immediately after capturing it, exhibiting a significantly low output delay of 20 ns and a high detection resolution of 15\u00b0. Finally, a prototype is fabricated to validate the design in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate that the scanning unit enables reliable scanning and orientation recognition of the target. In addition, it is trustworthy in receiving echo signals when the laser passes through glass and then an aqueous medium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:30:12Z","timestamp":1718253012000},"page":"2131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Design of Scanning Units for the Underwater Circumferential-Scanning LiDAR Based on Pyramidal-Shaped Reflectors and a Rapid Detection Method for Target Orientation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bingting","family":"Zha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"},{"name":"Science and Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4197-6734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Yayun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Navy Department, No. 28th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Z., Zha, B., Zhou, Y., Huang, J., Xuchen, Y., and Zhang, H. 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