{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:29:12Z","timestamp":1764588552584,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, MNR","award":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"]}]},{"name":"China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest","award":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"]}]},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"]}]},{"name":"\u201cthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions\u201d (PAPD)","award":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42275164","41005057","2023CFO018","GYHY 201406008","274762653"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate data derived from long-term, multisource altimeter significant wave height (SWH) measurements are more valuable than those obtained from a single altimeter source. Such data facilitate exploration of long-term air\u2013sea momentum transfer and more comprehensive investigation of weather system dynamics processes over the ocean. Despite the deployment of the first satellite in the Chinese Haiyang-2 (HY-2) series more than 12 years ago, validation and integration of SWH data from China\u2019s offshore waters, derived using Chinese altimeters, have been limited. This study constructed a high-resolution, long-term, multisource gridded SWH climate dataset using along-track data from the HY-2 series, CFOSAT, Jason-2, Jason-3, and Cryosat-2 altimeters. Validation against observations from 31 buoys covering China\u2019s offshore waters indicated that the SWH variances from HY-2A, HY-2B, HY-2C, CFOSAT, and Jason-3 altimeters correlated well with observations, with a temporal correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 (except HY-2A, correlation: 0.89). These SWH measurements generally showed a robust linear relationship with the buoy data. Additionally, cross-calibration between Jason-3 and the HY-2A, HY-2B, HY-2C, and CFOSAT altimeters also demonstrated a typically linear relationship for SWH &gt; 6.0 m. Using this relationship, the SWH data were linearly corrected and integrated into a 10 d mean, long-term, multisource altimeter gridded SWH dataset. Compared with in situ observations, the merged 10 d mean SWHs are more accurate and closely match the observations, with temporal correlation coefficients improving from 0.87 to 0.90 and bias decreasing from 0.28 to 0.03 m. The merged gridded SWHs effectively represent the local spatial distribution of SWH. This study revealed the importance of observational data in the process of merging and recalibrating long-term multisource altimeter SWH datasets, particularly before their application in specific ocean regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16122162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1718352146000},"page":"2162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of Multisource Altimeter SWH Measurements for Climate Data Analysis in China\u2019s Offshore Waters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8048-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Huanping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Xiefei","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Nikolay V.","family":"Koldunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany"}]},{"given":"Xiuzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2068-1216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)\/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC)\/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD)\/Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China"}]},{"given":"Maohua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Lisha","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Climate Centre, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Fraedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, M., Du, J., Yang, Y., and Yin, X. 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